The Biota of the Gordon Natural Area - Plants

Vascular Plants at the GNA

Plant life at the GNA has long held an attraction for both faculty (beginning with Dr. Gordon) and students. Dr. William Overlease conducted extensive research in the GNA, with much of his work focused on the vegetative succession of a former corn field in what is now the western part of the preserve. There have been three site-wide floristic surveys of the GNA: during 1984 (by biology students Jack Holt and Jim Plyler); during 2007 by botanical consultants Jack Holt (the former student) and Janet Ebert; and during 2017-19 in a ‘follow-up’ survey by Jack Holt and Janet Ebert. In 2002, former GNA Stewardship Manager Gerry Hertel began establishing what would become 22 ‘Floristic Health Management’ (FHM) plots. While these were primarily monitored only for woody plants, in 2004 the 18 plots that had been established by that time were also surveyed for herbaceous species. And throughout the history of the GNA there have been many student projects that focused on portions of the GNA flora. Because of this intensity of effort, vascular plants constitute the best-known biotic group at the GNA.

Despite the Gordon’s relatively small size (~ 126 acres) and its proximity to extensive development, the preserve supports an extremely high diversity of native plants (in addition to a large component of introduced plant species). The compiled plant list for the site currently contains 663 species in 364 genera, 110 families, and 56 orders. Five species are on the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program's list of species of conservation concern, and many additional species are locally significant.

It should be noted that these 663 species represent all vascular plant species that have been noted at the Gordon Natural Area since the inception of data collecting. Some species have only been observed a single time, and in some cases, the last observation occurred many years ago. For example, New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus americanus), which was formerly a state-listed species, was last noted in the GNA in 1978.

Perhaps a better measure of the GNA’s vascular plant richness can be obtained by looking only at those species that have been noted since the beginning of 2004 (i.e., at the initiation of comprehensive monitoring in the FHM plots). During that period (i.e., 2004-present), 606 species of vascular plants were noted in the GNA.

You can explore the vascular plant checklist below, or you can access a pdf copy of the checklist.

Asplenium platyneuron (Ebony Spleenwort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Aspleniaceae

Notes

Common Name: Ebony Spleenwort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018

Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Eastern Hayscented Fern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Dennstaedtiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Eastern Hayscented Fern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2023

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Eastern Hayscented Fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula)
Eastern Hayscented Fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula)
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Eastern Hayscented Fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula)

Athyrium filix. femina (Common Ladyfern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Dryopteridaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Ladyfern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

121637982 (Observed: 6/13/2022)

Images

Common Ladyfern (Athyrium filix-femina)
Common Ladyfern (Athyrium filix-femina)
Common Ladyfern (Athyrium filix-femina)
Common Ladyfern (Athyrium filix-femina)
Common Ladyfern (Athyrium filix-femina)
Common Ladyfern (Athyrium filix-femina)

Deparia acrostichoides (Silvery Glade Fern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Dryopteridaceae

Notes

Common Name: Silvery Glade Fern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Athyrium thelypterioides (Michx.) Desv.; Diplazium acrostichoides (Sw.) Butters

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2019; 2022-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

121755913 (Observed: 6/13/2022)

121593724 (Observed: 5/25/2016)

Images

Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)

Dryopteris carthusiana (Spinulose Woodfern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Dryopteridaceae

Notes

Common Name: Spinulose Woodfern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2019; 2021

iNaturalist Observations:

45354922 (Observed: 5/7/2020)

68613836 (Observed: 1/25/2021)

Images

Spinulose Woodfern (Dryopteris carthusiana)
Spinulose Woodfern (Dryopteris carthusiana)

Dryopteris cristata (Crested Woodfern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Dryopteridaceae

Notes

Common Name: Crested Woodfern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2004

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Dryopteris intermedia (Intermediate Woodfern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Dryopteridaceae

Notes

Common Name: Intermediate Woodfern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017

Matteuccia struthiopteris (Ostrich Fern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Dryopteridaceae

Notes

Common Name: Ostrich Fern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

42464077 (Observed: 4/15/2020)

Images

Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris): close-up of fiddlehead
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris): with fertile frond

Onoclea sensibilis (Sensitive Fern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Dryopteridaceae

Notes

Common Name: Sensitive Fern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2016-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

155652072 (Observed: 4/19/2023)

111945358 (Observed: 4/18/2022)

Images

Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis)
Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis)
Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis)
Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis)
Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis)

Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas Fern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Dryopteridaceae

Notes

Common Name: Christmas Fern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2016-2024

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

183748156 (Observed: 8/31/2023)

191109147 (Observed: 11/15/2023)

168515879 (Observed: 6/20/2023)

64133867 (Observed: 11/3/2020)

Images

Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides)
Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides)
Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides)

Equisetum arvense (Field Horsetail)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Equisetaceae

Notes

Common Name: Field Horsetail

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2021; 2023

Dispersed By: Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

154291714 (Observed: 4/10/2023)

46767664 (Observed: 5/21/2020)

Images

Field Horsetail (Equisetum arvense)
Field Horsetail (Equisetum arvense)

Huperzia lucidula (Shining Clubmoss)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Lycopodiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Shining Clubmoss

Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1983-1984; 2004

Lycopodium digitatum (Fan Clubmoss)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Lycopodiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Fan Clubmoss

Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Diphasiastrum digitatum (Dill. ex A. Braun) Holub; Lycopodium flabelliforme (Fernald) Blanch

Year Noted: 1983-1984

Deer Resistant: Yes

Botrychium dissectum (Cutleaf Grapefern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Ophioglossaceae

Notes

Common Name: Cutleaf Grapefern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Sceptridium dissectum (Spreng.) Lyon

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018

Botrychium virginianum (Rattlesnake Fern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Ophioglossaceae

Notes

Common Name: Rattlesnake Fern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Botrypus virginianus (L.) Holub

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

140054882 (Observed: 5/14/2018)

79316500 (Observed: 5/13/2021)

74364916 (Observed: 4/17/2021)

Images

Rattlesnake Fern (Botrychium virginianum)
Rattlesnake Fern (Botrychium virginianum)
Rattlesnake Fern (Botrychium virginianum)

Osmunda cinnamomea (Cinnamon Fern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Osmundaceae

Notes

Common Name: Cinnamon Fern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007

Deer Resistant: Yes

Osmunda claytoniana (Interrupted Fern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Osmundaceae

Notes

Common Name: Interrupted Fern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016; 2022-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

119666013 (Observed: 5/31/2022)

Images

Interrupted Fern (Osmunda claytoniana)
Interrupted Fern (Osmunda claytoniana)
Interrupted Fern (Osmunda claytoniana)
Interrupted Fern (Osmunda claytoniana)

Osmunda regalis (Royal Fern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Osmundaceae

Notes

Common Name: Royal Fern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Deer Resistant: Yes

Adiantum pedatum (Northern Maidenhair Fern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Pteridaceae

Notes

Common Name: Northern Maidenhair Fern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

104421434 (Observed: 10/16/2021)

46427851 (Observed: 5/18/2020)

Images

Northern Maidenhair (Adiantum pedatum)
Northern Maidenhair (Adiantum pedatum)
Northern Maidenhair (Adiantum pedatum)
Northern Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum pedatum)

Selaginella apoda (Meadow Spikemoss)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Selaginellaceae

Notes

Common Name: Meadow Spikemoss

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2018; 2020-2021

Notes: Known from just one location near the western edge of the GNA. Growing on very steep banks above Plum Run. Approximately one week after this population was discovered, all individuals were 'scoured' by high water after a storm.

iNaturalist Observations:

87292568 (Observed: 1/17/2020)

37686905 (Observed: 1/17/2020)

65955636 (Observed: 11/24/2020)

Images

Meadow Spikemoss (Selaginella apoda)
Meadow Spikemoss (Selaginella apoda)
Meadow Spikemoss (Selaginella apoda)
Meadow Spikemoss (Selaginella apoda)

Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Broad Beechfern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Thelypteridaceae

Notes

Common Name: Broad Beechfern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

104421429 (Observed: 10/16/2021)

41784940 (Observed: 4/9/2020)

73879802 (Observed: 4/13/2021)

Images

Broad Beechfern (Phegopteris hexagonoptera)
Broad Beechfern (Phegopteris hexagonoptera)
Broad Beechfern (Phegopteris hexagonoptera)
Broad Beechfern (Phegopteris hexagonoptera)

Thelypteris noveboracensis (New York Fern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Thelypteridaceae

Notes

Common Name: New York Fern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Parathelypteris novaeboracensis (L.) Ching

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2020; 2022-2023

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Notes: Fairly commonly encountered at the Gordon. As is often the case for ferns in overgrazed habitats, at the Gordon this species can often dominate large areas of the forest floor.

iNaturalist Observations:

121756488 (Observed: 6/13/2022)

Images

New York Fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis): dominating a good-sized area of the forest floor
New York Fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis): habit
New York Fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis)
New York Fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis)
New York Fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis): close-up of underside of pinna
New York Fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis): close-up of sori
New York Fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis)

Thelypteris palustris (Eastern Marsh Fern)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Ferns & Fern Allies

Family: Thelypteridaceae

Notes

Common Name: Eastern Marsh Fern

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017; 2022-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

136193771 (Observed: 9/23/2022)

Images

Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris): dominating a good-sized area of the forest floor
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris): habit
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris): close-up of underside of pinna
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris): close-up of the sori
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)

Acer negundo (Boxelder)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Aceraceae

Notes

Common Name: Boxelder

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1971; 1984; 2002; 2004-2005; 2007-2014; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

41947683 (Observed: 4/11/2020)

76542810 (Observed: 4/29/2021)

41789392 (Observed: 4/9/2020)

Images

Boxelder (Acer negundo)
Boxelder (Acer negundo)
Boxelder (Acer negundo)
Boxelder (Acer negundo)

Acer palmatum (Japanese Maple)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Aceraceae

Notes

Common Name: Japanese Maple

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Watch List — "Exotic plant species that are severe problems in surrounding states but have not been widely reported in Pennsylvania, OR may naturalize and become a problem in the future and require more monitoring."

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2019; 2021-2022

Dispersed By: Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

75701118 (Observed: 4/29/2021)

Images

Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum)

Acer platanoides (Norway Maple)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Aceraceae

Notes

Common Name: Norway Maple

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 1992; 2002; 2004; 2007-2010; 2013; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Birds; Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

41789299 (Observed: 4/9/2020)

58272328 (Observed: 9/1/2020)

Images

Norway Maple (Acer platanoides): trunk
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides): seedling
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides): base of stem with milky sap
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides): underside of leaf

Acer pseudoplatanus (Sycamore Maple)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Aceraceae

Notes

Common Name: Sycamore Maple

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2015-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water; Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

46430297 (Observed: 5/18/2020)

Images

Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus): trunk
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus): close-up of fruits
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)

Acer rubrum (Red Maple)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Aceraceae

Notes

Common Name: Red Maple

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 1992; 2002; 2004-2005; 2007-2014; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

183748176 (Observed: 8/31/2023)

40103296 (Observed: 3/16/2020)

50917620 (Observed: 6/25/2020)

73156685 (Observed: 4/6/2021)

72393513 (Observed: 3/29/2021)

Images

Red Maple (Acer rubrum): trunk
Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
Red Maple (Acer rubrum): close-up of leaf attachment
Red Maple (Acer rubrum): upper surface of a leaf
Red Maple (Acer rubrum): lower surface of a leaf
Red Maple (Acer rubrum): trunk
Red Maple (Acer rubrum): close-up of the underside of a leaf

Acer saccharinum (Silver Maple)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Aceraceae

Notes

Common Name: Silver Maple

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Aceraceae

Notes

Common Name: Sugar Maple

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1970; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2010; 2013; 2016; 2018-2020

Dispersed By: Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Rhus glabra (Smooth Sumac)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Anacardiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Smooth Sumac

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Dispersed By: Birds

Allelopathic: Yes

Rhus typhina (Staghorn Sumac)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Anacardiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Staghorn Sumac

Growth Habit: Shrub, Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities

iNaturalist Observations:

84896745 (Observed: 6/28/2021)

Toxicodendron radicans (Eastern Poison Ivy)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Anacardiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Eastern Poison Ivy

Growth Habit: Shrub, Subshrub, Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2012-2013; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Birds

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

88177181 (Observed: 7/22/2021)

80222330 (Observed: 5/24/2021)

Images

Eastern Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
Eastern Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
Eastern Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
Eastern Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
Eastern Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

Aegopodium podagraria (Bishops Goutweed)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Apiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Bishop's Goutweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Human Activities; Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

82199064 (Observed: 6/8/2021)

54857999 (Observed: 7/30/2020)

Images

Bishop's Goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria)
Bishop's Goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria): close-up of leaves
Bishop's Goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria): close-up of leaves

Cicuta maculata (Spotted Water Hemlock)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Apiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Spotted Water Hemlock

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2023

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Conium maculatum (Poison Hemlock)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Apiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Poison Hemlock

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2018; 2020-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water

iNaturalist Observations:

77878359 (Observed: 5/6/2021)

52512246 (Observed: 7/9/2020)

Images

Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)
Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)
Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)

Cryptotaenia canadensis (Canadian Honewort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Apiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Canadian Honewort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2011; 2016-2018

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Canadian Honewort (Cryptotaenia canadensis)
Canadian Honewort (Cryptotaenia canadensis)

Daucus carota (Queen Annes Lace)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Apiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Queen Anne's Lace

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1968; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

173761436 (Observed: 7/19/2023)

42808563 (Observed: 7/15/2019)

55827429 (Observed: 8/8/2020)

Images

Queen Anne's Lace (Daucus carota)
Queen Anne's Lace (Daucus carota)
Queen Anne's Lace (Daucus carota)
Queen Anne's Lace (Daucus carota)
Queen Anne's Lace (Daucus carota)

Hydrocotyle americana (American Marshpennywort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Apiaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Marshpennywort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Osmorhiza claytonii (Claytons Sweetroot)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Apiaceae

Notes

Common Names: Clayton's Sweetroot; Hairy Sweet Cicely

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2009; 2016-2020

iNaturalist Observations:

41044980 (Observed: 3/29/2020)

Images

Clayton's Sweetroot (Osmorhiza claytonii)
Clayton's Sweetroot (Osmorhiza claytonii)
Clayton's Sweetroot (Osmorhiza claytonii)

Osmorhiza longistylis (Longstyle Sweetroot)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Apiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Longstyle Sweetroot

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018

Images

Longstyle Sweetroot (Osmorhiza longistylis)
Longstyle Sweetroot (Osmorhiza longistylis)
Longstyle Sweetroot (Osmorhiza longistylis)
Longstyle Sweetroot (Osmorhiza longistylis)

Pimpinella saxifraga (Solidstem Burnet Saxifrage)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Apiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Solidstem Burnet Saxifrage

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1994

Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Sanicula canadensis (Canadian Blacksnakeroot)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Apiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Canadian Blacksnakeroot

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2022

iNaturalist Observations:

139520732 (Observed: 10/20/2022)

Images

Canadian Blacksnakeroot (Sanicula canadensis)

Sanicula odorata (Clustered Blacksnakeroot)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Apiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Clustered Blacksnakeroot

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2019; 2021-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

13080966 (Observed: 6/3/2018)

159235358 (Observed: 5/2/2023)

79200870 (Observed: 5/17/2021)

Images

Clustered Blacksnakeroot (Sanicula odorata)
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Clustered Blacksnakeroot (Sanicula odorata)
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Clustered Blacksnakeroot (Sanicula odorata)
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Clustered Blacksnakeroot (Sanicula odorata)
Clustered Blacksnakeroot (Sanicula odorata)
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Sanicula trifoliata (Largefruit Blacksnakeroot)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Apiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Largefruit Blacksnakeroot

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Zizia aurea (Meadow Zizia)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Apiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Meadow Zizia

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Pollinator.org

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.

Apocynum cannabinum (Hemp Dogbane)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Apocynaceae

Notes

Common Names: Hemp Dogbane; Indianhemp

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2014; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Wind

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015

iNaturalist Observations:

183393491 (Observed: 9/15/2023)

51630437 (Observed: 7/1/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Images

Indianhemp (Apocynum cannabinum)
Indianhemp (Apocynum cannabinum)
Indianhemp (Apocynum cannabinum)
Indianhemp (Apocynum cannabinum)
Indianhemp (Apocynum cannabinum)
Indianhemp (Apocynum cannabinum)

Vinca minor (Common Periwinkle)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Apocynaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Periwinkle

Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Years Noted: 2007; 2016; 2018-2019; 2023

Dispersed By: Ants; Human Activities

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

174092670 (Observed: 7/20/2023)

Ilex crenata (Japanese Holly)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Aquifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Japanese Holly

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2020; 2022-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

107202638 (Observed: 2/21/2022)

Images

Japanese Holly (Ilex crenata)
Japanese Holly (Ilex crenata)

Ilex opaca (American Holly)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Aquifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Holly

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007-2008; 2013; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Animals

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

American Holly (Ilex opaca)
American Holly (Ilex opaca)

Ilex verticillata (Common Winterberry)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Aquifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Winterberry

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2016-2021

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

51615403 (Observed: 7/1/2020)

Images

Common Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
Common Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
Common Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
Common Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
Common Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
Common Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
Common Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)

Aralia elata (Japanese Angelica Tree)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Araliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Japanese Angelica Tree

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Years Noted: 1984; 2016

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Japanese Angelica Tree (Aralia elata)
Japanese Angelica Tree (Aralia elata)
Japanese Angelica Tree (Aralia elata)

Aralia nudicaulis (Wild Sarsaparilla)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Araliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Wild Sarsaparilla

Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Aralia racemosa (American Spikenard)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Araliaceae

Notes

Common Names: American Spikenard; Black Cohosh

Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018

Deer Resistant: Yes

Hedera helix (English Ivy)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Araliaceae

Notes

Common Name: English Ivy

Growth Habit: Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Years Noted: 2008; 2013; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

English Ivy (Hedera helix)
English Ivy (Hedera helix)
English Ivy (Hedera helix)

Panax quinquefolius (American Ginseng)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Araliaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Ginseng

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023

Images

American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)
American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)
American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)
American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)
American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)

Panax trifolius (Dwarf Ginseng)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Araliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Dwarf Ginseng

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2015-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

113170706 (Observed: 4/27/2022)

73797782 (Observed: 4/11/2021)

77875767 (Observed: 5/7/2021)

42278892 (Observed: 4/15/2020)

73156188 (Observed: 4/6/2021)

Images

Dwarf Ginseng (Panax trifolius)
Dwarf Ginseng (Panax trifolius)
Dwarf Ginseng (Panax trifolius)

Aristolochia serpentaria (Virginia Snakeroot)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Aristolochiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Virginia Snakeroot

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Ants

Images

Virginia Snakeroot (Aristolochia serpentaria)

Asarum canadense (Canadian Wildginger)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Aristolochiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Canadian Wildginger

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2014; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Ants

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

46023956 (Observed: 5/12/2020)

41188618 (Observed: 4/23/2019)

Images

Canadian Wildginger (Asarum canadense)
Canadian Wildginger (Asarum canadense)
Canadian Wildginger (Asarum canadense)
Canadian Wildginger (Asarum canadense)

Asclepias exaltata (Poke Milkweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asclepiadaceae

Notes

Common Name: Poke Milkweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Asclepias incarnata (Swamp Milkweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asclepiadaceae

Notes

Common Name: Swamp Milkweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2016; 2019-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: Very High (NRCS 2018a); Larval Host (NRCS 2018b)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers; Pollinator.org; Virginia DCR; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List; Xerces Society - Northeast List

iNaturalist Observations:

171560021 (Observed: 7/7/2023)

52516111 (Observed: 7/9/2020)

42799714 (Observed: 8/2/2019)

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.

Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.

Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation [DCR]. 2022. https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/save-the-monarch; Date Accessed: 8/19/2022.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Images

Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)
Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)

Asclepias syriaca (Common Milkweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asclepiadaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Milkweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1968; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: Very High (NRCS 2018a); Larval Host (NRCS 2018b)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers; Pollinator.org; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List; Xerces Society - Northeast List

iNaturalist Observations:

85002705 (Observed: 6/25/2021)

46770757 (Observed: 5/21/2020)

50914912 (Observed: 6/25/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.

Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Images

Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)

Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly Milkweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asclepiadaceae

Notes

Common Name: Butterfly Milkweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2012; 2018

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: Very High (NRCS 2018a); Larval Host (NRCS 2018b)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers; Pollinator.org; Virginia DCR; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List; Xerces Society - Northeast List

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.

Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.

Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation [DCR]. 2022. https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/save-the-monarch; Date Accessed: 8/19/2022.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Images

Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa)
Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa)

Achillea millefolium (Common Yarrow)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Yarrow

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers; Xerces Society - Northeast List

iNaturalist Observations:

52517815 (Observed: 7/9/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Images

Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium): close-up of one head of flowers

Ageratina altissima (White Snakeroot)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: White Snakeroot

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2017-2023

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

59736954 (Observed: 9/15/2020)

Images

White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima)
White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima)
White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima)
White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima)
White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima)
White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima)

Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Annual Ragweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Annual Ragweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967-1970; 1972; 1984; 2007; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory)

Allelopathic: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

58987907 (Observed: 9/8/2020)

Images

Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia): close-up of inflorescence
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia): close-up of inflorescence
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia): close-up of stem

Ambrosia trifida (Great Ragweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Great Ragweed

Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 1989; 2007; 2017-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

Allelopathic: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

98229846 (Observed: 10/11/2021)

58988285 (Observed: 9/8/2020)

Images

Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): inflorescence
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): inflorescence
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): upper surface of leaf
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): close-up of stem and leaf bases
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): close-up of flowers
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): close-up of flowers

Antennaria howellii (Howells Pussytoes)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Howell's Pussytoes

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Antennaria neodioica Greene ssp. neodicoica (Greene) Bayer & Stebbins

Year Noted: 2007

Antennaria neglecta (Field Pussytoes)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Field Pussytoes

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007

Allelopathic: Yes

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Antennaria parlinii (Parlins Pussytoes)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Parlin's Pussytoes

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Dispersed By: Wind

Antennaria plantaginifolia (Womans Tobacco)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Woman's Tobacco

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Anthemis cotula (Stinking Chamomile)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Stinking Chamomile

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory)

Arctium lappa (Greater Burdock)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Greater Burdock

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2017; 2019-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); Birds; General Zoochory; Mammals (non-bat); Water

iNaturalist Observations:

60651576 (Observed: 9/24/2020)

42062388 (Observed: 4/12/2020)

Images

Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): close-up of fruit
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa)
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): basal leaves
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): infructescence
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): infructescence
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): : close-up of stem
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): upper surface of leaf
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): underside of leaf
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): close-up of underside of leaf
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): close-up of fruit

Arctium minus (Lesser Burdock)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Lesser Burdock

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2017-2018; 2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water

iNaturalist Observations:

139554649 (Observed: 10/21/2022)

Artemisia annua (Sweet Sagewort)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Sweet Sagewort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory

Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana (White Sagebrush)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: White Sagebrush

Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2022

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

136581391 (Observed: 9/26/2022)

Images

White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana)
White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana)
White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana)
White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana)
White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana)
White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana)
White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana)
White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana)

Artemisia vulgaris (Common Wormwood)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Names: Common Wormwood; Common Mugwort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

58281795 (Observed: 9/1/2020)

59771438 (Observed: 9/15/2020)

Images

Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris)
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris)
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris): inflorescence
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris): inflorescence
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris)
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris)
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris)
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris)
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris)
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris)

Bidens bipinnata (Spanish Needles)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Spanish Needles

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); General Zoochory; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat)

Bidens cernua (Nodding Beggartick)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Nodding Beggartick

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); Birds; General Zoochory; Mammals (non-bat); Water

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Bidens connata (Purplestem Beggarticks)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Purplestem Beggarticks

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018; 2023

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Bidens frondosa (Devils Beggartick)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Devil's Beggartick

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2022

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water

iNaturalist Observations:

136152347 (Observed: 9/22/2022)

58271810 (Observed: 9/1/2020)

60466744 (Observed: 9/22/2020)

Images

Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa)
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa)
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa)
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa): close-up of fruit
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa): close-up of inflorescence
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa): close-up of inflorescence
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa): close-up of inflorescence
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa)
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa)
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa): stem
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa)

Carduus nutans (Nodding Plumeless Thistle)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Nodding Plumeless Thistle

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; General Zoochory; Water; Wind

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Centaurea cyanus (Garden Cornflower)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Garden Cornflower

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2020

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

Notes: Growing along the PECO right-of-way. Possibly planted as a dye plant, or brought in on someone's footwear.

iNaturalist Observations:

52521317 (Observed: 7/9/2020)

Images

Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)

Cichorium intybus (Chicory)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Chicory

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2011; 2017-2018; 2020-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

86906204 (Observed: 7/13/2021)

50585156 (Observed: 6/22/2020)

Images

Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
Chicory (Cichorium intybus): close-up of leaf
Chicory (Cichorium intybus): close-up of flower

Cirsium arvense (Creeping Thistle)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Names: Creeping Thistle; Canada Thistle

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 1967-2000; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

iNaturalist Observations:

123875283 (Observed: 6/27/2022)

90772796 (Observed: 8/10/2021)

52503689 (Observed: 7/9/2020)

53103171 (Observed: 7/14/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Images

Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)

Cirsium discolor (Field Thistle)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Field Thistle

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1968; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018; 2020; 2022

Allelopathic: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: Very High (NRCS 2018a)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers

iNaturalist Observations:

133124814 (Observed: 8/31/2022)

131999402 (Observed: 8/22/2022)

58658965 (Observed: 9/4/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Images

Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor)
Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor): upper surface of leaf
Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor): lower surface of leaf
Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor): close-up of lower surface of leaf
Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor): close-up of inflorescence
Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor): close-up of inflorescence
Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor): close-up of flowers
Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor): developing inflorescence

Cirsium pumilum (Pasture Thistle)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Pasture Thistle

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018

Cirsium vulgare (Bull Thistle)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Bull Thistle

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 2007; 2012; 2017

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Conoclinium coelestinum (Blue Mistflower)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Blue Mistflower

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2020

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: Very High (NRCS 2018a)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List

Notes: Until this species was noted growing in the PECO powerline right-of-way in 2020, it hadn't been noted at the Gordon since the 1984 Site-wide Survey by WCU undergrads Jack Holt and Jim Plyler. However, the single individual that was noted in 2020 most likely represents an escaped cultivar.

iNaturalist Observations:

60016111 (Observed: 9/18/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Images

Blue Mistflower (Conoclinium coelestinum)
Blue Mistflower (Conoclinium coelestinum): inflorescence
Blue Mistflower (Conoclinium coelestinum): inflorescence
Blue Mistflower (Conoclinium coelestinum): close-up of stem
Blue Mistflower (Conoclinium coelestinum): upper surface of leaf
Blue Mistflower (Conoclinium coelestinum): lower surface of leaf
Blue Mistflower (Conoclinium coelestinum): close-up of lower surface of leaf
Blue Mistflower (Conoclinium coelestinum): close-up of inflorescence

Conyza canadensis (Canadian Horseweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Canadian Horseweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Erigeron canadensis L.

Years Noted: 1967-1973; 1984; 1987; 1992; 1997; 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind

Coreopsis tinctoria (Dyers Coreopsis)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Names: Dyer's Coreopsis; Golden Tickseed; Plain's Coreopsis

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2020-2021

Deer Resistant: Yes

Notes: Growing along the PECO right-of-way. Possibly planted as a dye plant, or brought in on someone's footwear.

iNaturalist Observations:

86314728 (Observed: 7/9/2021)

52519782 (Observed: 7/9/2020)

Images

Golden Tickseed (Coreopsis tinctoria)
Golden Tickseed (Coreopsis tinctoria)
Golden Tickseed (Coreopsis tinctoria)
Golden Tickseed (Coreopsis tinctoria)
Golden Tickseed (Coreopsis tinctoria)

Eclipta prostrata (False Daisy)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: False Daisy

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2020

iNaturalist Observations:

58260032 (Observed: 9/1/2020)

Images

False Daisy (Eclipta prostrata)
False Daisy (Eclipta prostrata)
False Daisy (Eclipta prostrata)
False Daisy (Eclipta prostrata)
False Daisy (Eclipta prostrata)
False Daisy (Eclipta prostrata)
False Daisy (Eclipta prostrata): close-up of inflorescence with fruits
False Daisy (Eclipta prostrata): close-up of fruit

Erechtites hieraciifolius (American Burnweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: American Burnweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

171558400 (Observed: 7/7/2023)

57733640 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Images

American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius)
American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius)
American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius)
American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius)
American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius): leaf and stem
American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius): close-up of inflorescence
American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius): close-up of inflorescence
American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius): close-up of inflorescence

Erigeron annuus (Eastern Daisy Fleabane)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Eastern Daisy Fleabane

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2020; 2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Wind

Bee Beneficial: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

137018916 (Observed: 9/29/2022)

51622395 (Observed: 7/1/2020)

Images

Eastern Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus)
Eastern Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus)
Eastern Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus): inflorescence
Eastern Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus): upper surface of leaf
Eastern Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus): underside of leaf
Eastern Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus): inflorescence
Eastern Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus): inflorescence

Erigeron canadensis (Canadian Horseweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Canadian Horseweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2023

Dispersed By: Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

179030895 (Observed: 8/18/2023)

Erigeron philadelphicus (Philadelphia Fleabane)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Philadelphia Fleabane

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018; 2021; 2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015

Notes: Read a guide to differentiating between Philadelphia Fleabane and Robin's Plantain at bplant.org.

iNaturalist Observations:

79193660 (Observed: 5/17/2021)

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Erigeron pulchellus (Robins Plantain)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Robin's Plantain

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Notes: Read a guide to differentiating between Philadelphia Fleabane and Robin's Plantain at bplant.org.

Erigeron strigosus (Prairie Fleabane)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Prairie Fleabane

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2020

iNaturalist Observations:

58280390 (Observed: 9/1/2020)

61265331 (Observed: 9/15/2020)

Images

Prairie Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus)
Prairie Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus)
Prairie Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus): inflorescence
Prairie Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus): inflorescence
Prairie Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus): inflorescence
Prairie Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus): underside of leaf
Prairie Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus): close-up of stem with adpressed pubescence

Eupatorium perfoliatum (Common Boneset)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Boneset

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017; 2020-2022

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a); Monarch Nectar Value: High (NRCS 2018b)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers; Pollinator.org; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List; Xerces Society - Northeast List

iNaturalist Observations:

55822687 (Observed: 8/8/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.

Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Images

Common Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)
Common Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)
Common Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)
Common Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)
Common Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)

Eupatorium serotinum (Lateflowering Thoroughwort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Lateflowering Thoroughwort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2017; 2020; 2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

188177819 (Observed: 10/18/2023)

57688417 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Images

Lateflowering Thoroughwort (Eupatorium serotinum)
Lateflowering Thoroughwort (Eupatorium serotinum)
Lateflowering Thoroughwort (Eupatorium serotinum)
Lateflowering Thoroughwort (Eupatorium serotinum)
Lateflowering Thoroughwort (Eupatorium serotinum)

Eurybia divaricata (White Wood Aster)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: White Wood Aster

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Aster divaricatus L.

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

183748162 (Observed: 8/31/2023)

110758825 (Observed: 4/8/2022)

7848129 (Observed: 9/9/2017)

61592637 (Observed: 10/1/2020)

139873185 (Observed: 10/21/2022)

94206126 (Observed: 8/31/2021)

58988926 (Observed: 9/8/2020)

Images

White Wood Aster (Eurybia divaricata)
White Wood Aster (Eurybia divaricata)

Euthamia graminifolia (Flat-top Goldentop)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Flat-top Goldentop

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020; 2022-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a); Monarch Nectar Value: High (NRCS 2018b)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List; Xerces Society - Northeast List

iNaturalist Observations:

136927425 (Observed: 9/29/2022)

59003601 (Observed: 9/8/2020)

61768363 (Observed: 10/1/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Images

Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia)
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia)
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia): upper surface of leaf
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia): close-up of stem
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia): underside of leaf
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia): close-up of underside of leaf
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia): inflorescence
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia): inflorescence
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia): close-up of inflorescence
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia): close-up of inflorescence

Eutrochium fistulosum (Hollow Joe-Pye Weed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Names: Hollow Joe-Pye Weed; Trumpetweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus (Barratt) R.M. King & H. Rob.; Eupatorium fistulosum Barratt

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2021-2022

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List; Xerces Society - Northeast List

iNaturalist Observations:

92391454 (Observed: 8/24/2021)

Monarch Butterfly References

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Images

Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum)
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum)
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum)
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum)
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum)
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum)
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum)
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum)
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum): inflorescence
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum): close-up of its flowers
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum): close-up of a single flower

Eutrochium purpureum (Joe Pye Weed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Joe Pye Weed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2022

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers; Pollinator.org; Xerces Society - Northeast List

iNaturalist Observations:

133908435 (Observed: 8/16/2022)

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Images

Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum): leaf upper surface
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum): leaf lower surface
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum): close-up of the leaf lower surface
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum): inflorescence
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum): close-up of disc flowers
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum): close-up of disc flower
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)

Galinsoga quadriradiata (Shaggy Soldier)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Shaggy Soldier

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) S.F. Blake

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; General Zoochory; Human Activities

Helianthus decapetalus (Thinleaf Sunflower)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Thinleaf Sunflower

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Hieracium ×flagellare (Whiplash Hawkweed)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Whiplash Hawkweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Hieracium caespitosum (Meadow Hawkweed)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Meadow Hawkweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Hieracium pratense Tausch

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Hieracium gronovii (Queendevil)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Queendevil

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Hieracium paniculatum (Allegheny Hawkweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Allegheny Hawkweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Hieracium piloselloides (Tall Hawkweed)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Tall Hawkweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Lactuca biennis (Tall Blue Lettuce)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Tall Blue Lettuce

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2023

iNaturalist Observations:

179861062 (Observed: 8/23/2023)

Lactuca canadensis (Canada Lettuce)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Canada Lettuce

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004

Images

Canada Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis)
Canada Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis)
Canada Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis)
Canada Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis)
Canada Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis)
Canada Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis)

Lactuca serriola (Prickly Lettuce)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Prickly Lettuce

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Lapsana communis (Common Nipplewort)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Nipplewort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2017; 2020

Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Ants; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

50583417 (Observed: 6/22/2020)

Images

Common Nipplewort (Lapsana communis)
Common Nipplewort (Lapsana communis): close-up of leaf
Common Nipplewort (Lapsana communis): close-up of inflorescence
Common Nipplewort (Lapsana communis)
Common Nipplewort (Lapsana communis): underside of leaf
Common Nipplewort (Lapsana communis): close up of pubesence on the underside of leaf
Common Nipplewort (Lapsana communis): the plant when it's in fruit
Common Nipplewort (Lapsana communis): close-up of 'capsule'

Leucanthemum vulgare (Oxeye Daisy)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Oxeye Daisy

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2023

Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Ants; Ballistic; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Matricaria discoidea (Disc Mayweed)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Disc Mayweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water

Packera aurea (Golden Ragwort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Golden Ragwort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2018; 2020-2023

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015

iNaturalist Observations:

116588510 (Observed: 5/11/2022)

77515719 (Observed: 5/5/2021)

75465541 (Observed: 4/27/2021)

46531876 (Observed: 5/18/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Images

Golden Ragwort (Packera aurea)
Golden Ragwort (Packera aurea)
Golden Ragwort (Packera aurea)
Golden Ragwort (Packera aurea)

Prenanthes altissima (Tall Rattlesnakeroot)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Tall Rattlesnakeroot

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2016-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

41044511 (Observed: 3/29/2020)

27641323 (Observed: 6/25/2019)

Images

Tall Rattlesnakeroot (Prenanthes altissima)
Tall Rattlesnakeroot (Prenanthes altissima)
Tall Rattlesnakeroot (Prenanthes altissima)
Tall Rattlesnakeroot (Prenanthes altissima)
Tall Rattlesnakeroot (Prenanthes altissima)
Tall Rattlesnakeroot (Prenanthes altissima)

Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (Rabbit-tobacco)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Rabbit-tobacco

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Gnaphalium obtusifolium L.

Year Noted: 1984

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Rudbeckia hirta (Blackeyed Susan)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Blackeyed Susan

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2020; 2022-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; General Zoochory; Human Activities

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a); Monarch Nectar Value: High (NRCS 2018b)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List

iNaturalist Observations:

127013571 (Observed: 7/19/2022)

57688817 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Images

Blackeyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta): inflorescence
Blackeyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta): close-up of inflorescence

Rudbeckia laciniata (Cutleaf Coneflower)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Cutleaf Coneflower

Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Senecio vulgaris (Old-Man-In-The-Spring)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Old-Man-In-The-Spring

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2017; 2022-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind

Images

Old-Man-In-The-Spring (Senecio vulgaris)
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Old-Man-In-The-Spring (Senecio vulgaris)
Old-Man-In-The-Spring (Senecio vulgaris)
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Old-Man-In-The-Spring (Senecio vulgaris)

Solidago altissima (Tall Goldenrod)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Tall Goldenrod

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1968-1990; 2020; 2022

Dispersed By: Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Xerces Society - Northeast List

iNaturalist Observations:

137440711 (Observed: 9/29/2022)

59770742 (Observed: 9/15/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Images

Tall Goldenrod (Solidago altissima)
Tall Goldenrod (Solidago altissima)
Tall Goldenrod (Solidago altissima)
Tall Goldenrod (Solidago altissima)
Tall Goldenrod (Solidago altissima)
Tall Goldenrod (Solidago altissima)
Tall Goldenrod (Solidago altissima)

Solidago bicolor (White Goldenrod)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: White Goldenrod

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Solidago caesia (Bluestem Goldenrod)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Names: Bluestem Goldenrod; Wreath Goldenrod

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020; 2022

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List

iNaturalist Observations:

97894375 (Observed: 10/6/2021)

59765734 (Observed: 9/15/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Images

Wreath Goldenrod (Solidago caesia)

Solidago canadensis (Canada Goldenrod)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Canada Goldenrod

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Solidago flexicaulis (Zigzag Goldenrod)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Zigzag Goldenrod

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2016-2017; 2020-2021

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

61145465 (Observed: 9/28/2020)

Images

Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis)
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis): close-up of phyllaries
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis)
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis)
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis): upper surface of leaf
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis): close-up of stem and leaf base
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis): lower surface of leaf
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis): close-up of lower surface of leaf
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis): close-up of inflorescence

Solidago gigantea (Giant Goldenrod)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Giant Goldenrod

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2020

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

57254394 (Observed: 8/20/2020)

Images

Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea)
Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea)
Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea)
Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea)
Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea): underside of leaf
Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea): close-up of flowers
Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea): close-up of flowers

Solidago juncea (Early Goldenrod)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Early Goldenrod

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)

Monarch Butterfly References

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Solidago nemoralis (Gray Goldenrod)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Gray Goldenrod

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Solidago patula (Swamp Goldenrod)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Names: Swamp Goldenrod; Roundleaf Goldenrod

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Deer Resistant: Yes

Solidago rugosa (Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020; 2022

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)

iNaturalist Observations:

137020347 (Observed: 9/29/2022)

60347533 (Observed: 9/18/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Images

Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa)
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa)
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa): close-up of lower stem
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa): close-up of upper stem
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa): upper surface of leaf
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa): lower surface of leaf
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa): inflorescence
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa): inflorescence
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa): close up of infloresence and phyllaries
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa): close up of infloresence

Sonchus asper (Spiny Sowthistle)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Spiny Sowthistle

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind

Symphyotrichum cordifolium (Common Blue Wood Aster)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Blue Wood Aster

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Aster cordifolius L.

Years Noted: 1983-1984; 2007; 2017-2018

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Pollinator.org; Xerces Society - Northeast List

Monarch Butterfly References

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (White Panicle Aster)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: White Panicle Aster

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018; 2020; 2022

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers; Pollinator.org

iNaturalist Observations:

136588198 (Observed: 9/26/2022)

60650029 (Observed: 9/24/2020)

62081895 (Observed: 10/8/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.

Images

White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum)
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum)
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum): inflorescence
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum): upper surface of leaf
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum): underside of leaf
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum): close-up of underside of leaf
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum): close-up of stem
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum): inflorescence
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum): inflorescence
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum): inflorescence

Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (Calico Aster)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Calico Aster

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britton

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2023

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)

iNaturalist Observations:

59732628 (Observed: 9/15/2020)

61441693 (Observed: 10/1/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Images

Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum)
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum)
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum)
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum)
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum)
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum): close-up of inflorescence
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum): close-up of inflorescence
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum): close-up of inflorescence
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum): close-up of inflorescence

Symphyotrichum novae. angliae (New England Aster)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: New England Aster

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Aster novae-angliae L.

Years Noted: 1983-1984; 2000; 2017; 2020-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: Very High (NRCS 2018a); Monarch Nectar Value: Very High (NRCS 2018b)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers; Pollinator.org; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List; Xerces Society - Northeast List

iNaturalist Observations:

136931182 (Observed: 9/29/2022)

60207385 (Observed: 9/20/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.

Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Images

New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)

Symphyotrichum pilosum (Hairy White Oldfield Aster)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: Hairy White Oldfield Aster

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Aster pilosus Willd. var. demotus

Years Noted: 1967; 1969-2000; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020; 2022

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

iNaturalist Observations:

136924532 (Observed: 9/29/2022)

61204174 (Observed: 9/28/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Images

Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum): close-up of pubescent stem
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum): close-up of underside of leaf
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum): close-up of inflorescence
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum): close-up of developing fruits
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum): close-up of the phyllaries
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum): close-up of the phyllaries

Symphyotrichum puniceum (Swamp Aster)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Names: Swamp Aster; Purplestem Aster

Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Aster puniceus L.

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2022

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

iNaturalist Observations:

137415236 (Observed: 9/29/2022)

136839589 (Observed: 9/28/2022)

136193538 (Observed: 9/23/2022)

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Images

Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)

Taraxacum officinale (Common Dandelion)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Names: Common Dandelion; Diente de León

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967; 1969-2000; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; Wind

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

iNaturalist Observations:

79192981 (Observed: 5/17/2021)

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Images

Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
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Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
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Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
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Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)

Vernonia noveboracensis (New York Ironweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Asteraceae

Notes

Common Name: New York Ironweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017; 2019-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Virginia DCR; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List; Xerces Society - Northeast List

iNaturalist Observations:

52526821 (Observed: 7/9/2020)

57181358 (Observed: 8/20/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation [DCR]. 2022. https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/save-the-monarch; Date Accessed: 8/19/2022.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Images

New York Ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis)
New York Ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis)
New York Ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis)
New York Ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis)

Impatiens capensis (Jewelweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Balsaminaceae

Notes

Common Name: Jewelweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 1989; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2013; 2016-2020; 2022-2023

Dispersed By: Ballistic; Human Activities; Water

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

iNaturalist Observations:

55824855 (Observed: 8/8/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Images

Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)
Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)
Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)
Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)
Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)

Berberis thunbergii (Japanese Barberry)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Berberidaceae

Notes

Common Name: Japanese Barberry

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Years Noted: 1965; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2014; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Birds; Mammals (non-bat)

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

183748161 (Observed: 8/31/2023)

157084320 (Observed: 4/18/2023)

Images

Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii)
Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii)
Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii)
Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii)

Caulophyllum thalictroides (Blue Cohosh)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Berberidaceae

Notes

Common Name: Blue Cohosh

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Birds

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

75464394 (Observed: 4/27/2021)

49872775 (Observed: 6/16/2020)

Images

Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)

Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Berberidaceae

Notes

Common Name: Mayapple

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2013; 2015-2024

Dispersed By: Reptiles; Turtles

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

110750099 (Observed: 4/8/2022)

110758631 (Observed: 4/8/2022)

163179713 (Observed: 5/22/2023)

153581523 (Observed: 4/5/2023)

45024259 (Observed: 5/5/2020)

Images

Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum)
Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum)
Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum)
Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum)

Alnus serrulata (Hazel Alder)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Betulaceae

Notes

Common Name: Hazel Alder

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Alnus incana var. serrulata

Years Noted: 1984; 2008; 2017

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dispersed By: Water; Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Hazel Alder (Alnus serrulata)
Hazel Alder (Alnus serrulata)

Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Betulaceae

Notes

Common Names: American Hornbeam; Musclewood; Blue Beech

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2010; 2013-2014; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

156723973 (Observed: 4/26/2023)

Images

American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)

Corylus americana (American Hazelnut)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Betulaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Hazelnut

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967; 1984

Dispersed By: Animals; Mammals (non-bat)

Deer Resistant: Yes

Ostrya virginiana (Hophornbeam)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Betulaceae

Notes

Common Name: Hophornbeam

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2016; 2018-2019

Dispersed By: Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

Cynoglossum virginianum (Wild Comfrey)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Boraginaceae

Notes

Common Name: Wild Comfrey

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2014; 2017; 2019-2021

iNaturalist Observations:

159494226 (Observed: 5/3/2023)

Images

Wild Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum)
Wild Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum)
Wild Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum)
Wild Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum)
Wild Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum)
Wild Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum)

Hackelia virginiana (Beggars Lice)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Boraginaceae

Notes

Common Names: Beggars Lice; Virginia Stickseed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2016-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

163689460 (Observed: 5/25/2023)

159491819 (Observed: 5/3/2023)

89830006 (Observed: 8/3/2021)

52518749 (Observed: 7/9/2020)

60458234 (Observed: 9/22/2020)

Images

Beggars Lice (Hackelia virginiana)
Beggars Lice (Hackelia virginiana)

Mertensia virginica (Virginia Bluebells)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Boraginaceae

Notes

Common Name: Virginia Bluebells

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018-2019

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Images

Virginia Bluebells (Mertensia virginica)
Virginia Bluebells (Mertensia virginica)

Myosotis scorpioides (Water Forget-Me-Not)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Boraginaceae

Notes

Common Names: Water Forget-Me-Not; True Forget-Me-Not

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2017; 2020; 2023

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

50916745 (Observed: 6/25/2020)

Images

True Forget-Me-Not (Myosotis scorpioides)
True Forget-Me-Not (Myosotis scorpioides): close-up of leaves
True Forget-Me-Not (Myosotis scorpioides): close-up of flower
True Forget-Me-Not (Myosotis scorpioides): close-up of center of flower

Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Garlic Mustard

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007-2014; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Human Activities; Water

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

163691021 (Observed: 5/25/2023)

154172920 (Observed: 4/9/2023)

99456559 (Observed: 5/14/2020)

5639942 (Observed: 4/10/2017)

Images

Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata): young leaves beside and underneath the snow
Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata)
Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata)
Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata)
Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata)

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouseear Cress)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Mouseear Cress

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2000

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind

Arabis canadensis (Sicklepod)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Sicklepod

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Arabis lyrata (Lyrate Rockcress)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Lyrate Rockcress

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017

Deer Resistant: Yes

Barbarea vulgaris (Garden Yellowrocket)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Names: Garden Yellowrocket; Early Wintercress

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967; 1969-2000; 2004; 2007; 2017-2019; 2021-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; Dispersal Unassisted; Human Activities; Water; Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

113146324 (Observed: 4/27/2022)

157082758 (Observed: 4/18/2023)

118454560 (Observed: 5/11/2022)

75459319 (Observed: 4/27/2021)

74771869 (Observed: 4/21/2021)

57795826 (Observed: 5/16/2019)

Images

Garden Yellowrocket (Barbarea vulgaris)
Garden Yellowrocket (Barbarea vulgaris)
Garden Yellowrocket (Barbarea vulgaris)
Garden Yellowrocket (Barbarea vulgaris): close-up of leaf base
Garden Yellowrocket (Barbarea vulgaris): clos-up of a fruit (lying on a leaf)

Brassica rapa (Field Mustard)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Field Mustard

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Brassica campestris L.

Years Noted: 1984; 2008

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities

Allelopathic: Yes

Capsella bursa. pastoris (Shepherds Purse)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Shepherd's Purse

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967-1976; 1984; 2017

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind

Cardamine bulbosa (Bulbous Bittercress)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Bulbous Bittercress

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2017

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Cardamine concatenata (Cutleaf Toothwort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Cutleaf Toothwort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Dentaria concatenata Michx.; Dentaria laciniata Muhl. ex Willd

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2018; 2021-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

77264494 (Observed: 5/3/2021)

Images

Cutleaf Toothwort (Cardamine concatenata)
Cutleaf Toothwort (Cardamine concatenata): inflorescence
Cutleaf Toothwort (Cardamine concatenata): close-up of a flower
Cutleaf Toothwort (Cardamine concatenata): close-up of a floral bud

Cardamine hirsuta (Hairy Bittercress)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Hairy Bittercress

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007-2008; 2017-2018; 2021-2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

108884679 (Observed: 3/18/2022)

73899173 (Observed: 4/13/2021)

Images

Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta)
Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta)
Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta)
loading image
Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta): fruit
Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta): constriction between the base of the fruit and the peduncle
Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta): developing seed

Cardamine impatiens (Narrowleaf Bittercress)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Narrowleaf Bittercress

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Ballistic

Notes: An invasive species that has been progressively more abundant at the Gordon during the past six years (at least).

iNaturalist Observations:

146493632 (Observed: 1/11/2023)

40195112 (Observed: 3/18/2020)

46430815 (Observed: 5/18/2020)

Images

Narrowleaf Bittercress (Cardamine impatiens)
Narrowleaf Bittercress (Cardamine impatiens)
Narrowleaf Bittercress (Cardamine impatiens)
Narrowleaf Bittercress (Cardamine impatiens)

Cardamine pensylvanica (Pennsylvania Bittercress)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Pennsylvania Bittercress

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2019; 2021

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

iNaturalist Observations:

77516466 (Observed: 5/5/2021)

46962430 (Observed: 5/21/2020)

Images

Pennsylvania Bittercress (Cardamine pensylvanica)
Pennsylvania Bittercress (Cardamine pensylvanica)
Pennsylvania Bittercress (Cardamine pensylvanica)
Pennsylvania Bittercress (Cardamine pensylvanica)
Pennsylvania Bittercress (Cardamine pensylvanica)
Pennsylvania Bittercress (Cardamine pensylvanica)

Erysimum cheiranthoides (Wormseed Wallflower)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Wormseed Wallflower

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory

Hesperis matronalis (Dames Rocket)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Dames Rocket

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2017-2018; 2021-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Water

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

117769735 (Observed: 5/19/2022)

79566460 (Observed: 5/20/2021)

Images

Dames Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
Dames Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
Dames Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
Dames Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
Dames Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
Dames Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
Dames Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)

Lepidium campestre (Field Peppergrass)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Names: Field Peppergrass; Pepperweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017; 2021

Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

iNaturalist Observations:

77511736 (Observed: 5/5/2021)

Images

Field Peppergrass (Lepidium campestre)
Field Peppergrass (Lepidium campestre)
Field Peppergrass (Lepidium campestre)
Field Peppergrass (Lepidium campestre)
Field Peppergrass (Lepidium campestre)
Field Peppergrass (Lepidium campestre)

Lepidium densiflorum (Common Pepperweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Pepperweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory)

Lepidium virginicum (Virginia Pepperweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Virginia Pepperweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory)

Allelopathic: Yes

Microthlaspi perfoliatum (Claspleaf Pennycress)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Claspleaf Pennycress

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2017

Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

Nasturtium officinale (Watercress)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Watercress

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2017-2018; 2020

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water

iNaturalist Observations:

57796849 (Observed: 5/16/2019)

Images

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale)
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale)
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale)

Sisymbrium officinale (Hedgemustard)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Hedgemustard

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Wind

Thlaspi alliaceum (Roadside Pennycress)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Names: Roadside Pennycress; Garlic Penny-cress

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2017-2018; 2021-2022

iNaturalist Observations:

118452423 (Observed: 5/23/2022)

74773264 (Observed: 4/21/2021)

Images

Roadside Pennycress (Thlaspi alliaceum)
Roadside Pennycress (Thlaspi alliaceum): close-up of leaf
Roadside Pennycress (Thlaspi alliaceum): close-up of inflorescence
Roadside Pennycress (Thlaspi alliaceum): close-up of fruit

Thlaspi arvense (Field Pennycress)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Brassicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Field Pennycress

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017; 2020

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

53101394 (Observed: 7/14/2020)

Pachysandra terminalis (Japanese Pachysandra)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Buxaceae

Notes

Common Name: Japanese Pachysandra

Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2024

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Japanese Pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis)
Japanese Pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis)

Callitriche heterophylla (Twoheaded Water-starwort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Callitrichaceae

Notes

Common Name: Twoheaded Water-starwort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Images

Twoheaded Water-starwort (Callitriche heterophylla)
loading image
Twoheaded Water-starwort (Callitriche heterophylla)
Twoheaded Water-starwort (Callitriche heterophylla)
Twoheaded Water-starwort (Callitriche heterophylla)
loading image

Campanula aparinoides (Marsh Bellflower)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Campanulaceae

Notes

Common Name: Marsh Bellflower

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2017

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Lobelia inflata (Indian-tobacco)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Campanulaceae

Notes

Common Names: Indian-tobacco; Puke Weed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018; 2020-2021

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer

iNaturalist Observations:

94849486 (Observed: 9/10/2021)

57686666 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Images

Indian-tobacco (Lobelia inflata)
Indian-tobacco (Lobelia inflata)
Indian-tobacco (Lobelia inflata): developing fruit
Indian-tobacco (Lobelia inflata): upper surface of leaf
Indian-tobacco (Lobelia inflata): close-up of flower
Indian-tobacco (Lobelia inflata): under surface of leaf

Lobelia siphilitica (Great Blue Lobelia)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Campanulaceae

Notes

Common Name: Great Blue Lobelia

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Nectar Value: High (NRCS 2018b)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers; Pollinator.org

iNaturalist Observations:

92525143 (Observed: 8/25/2021)

32197451 (Observed: 9/5/2019)

57181263 (Observed: 8/20/2020)

58274717 (Observed: 9/1/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.

Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.

Images

Great Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica)
Great Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica)
Great Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica)
Great Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica)

Triodanis perfoliata (Clasping Venus Looking-glass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Campanulaceae

Notes

Common Name: Clasping Venus' Looking-glass

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Deer Resistant: Yes

Humulus japonicus (Japanese Hop)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Cannabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Japanese Hop

Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2012; 2017-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

39925190 (Observed: 9/30/2019)

57677974 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Images

Japanese Hop (Humulus japonicus)
Japanese Hop (Humulus japonicus)
Japanese Hop (Humulus japonicus)
Japanese Hop (Humulus japonicus)
Japanese Hop (Humulus japonicus)

Lonicera japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caprifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Japanese Honeysuckle

Growth Habit: Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Years Noted: 1970; 1984; 1987; 1992; 1996; 1999; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2013; 2016-2024

iNaturalist Observations:

39533008 (Observed: 2/25/2020)

34895358 (Observed: 7/9/2019)

40997396 (Observed: 3/29/2020)

49762313 (Observed: 6/15/2020)

62060383 (Observed: 10/8/2020)

Images

Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica): close-up of inflorescence
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica): close-up of inflorescence
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica): upper surface of leaf
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica): lower surface of leaf
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica): close-up of lower surface of leaf
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica): close-up of fruit

Lonicera maackii (Amur Honeysuckle)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caprifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Amur Honeysuckle

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009-2014; 2016-2024

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

183748186 (Observed: 8/31/2023)

97399674 (Observed: 10/6/2021)

Images

Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii)
Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii)
Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii)
Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii)
Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii)

Lonicera morrowii (Morrows Honeysuckle)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caprifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Morrow's Honeysuckle

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Years Noted: 1970-1971; 1984; 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Birds

Lonicera sempervirens (Trumpet Honeysuckle)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caprifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Trumpet Honeysuckle

Growth Habit: Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Deer Resistant: Yes

Lonicera standishii (Standishs Honeysuckle)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caprifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Standish's Honeysuckle

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Year Noted: 1978

Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (American Black Elderberry)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caprifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Black Elderberry

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Sambucus canadensis L.

Years Noted: 1970-1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2018; 2020-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

40998666 (Observed: 3/29/2020)

Viburnum acerifolium (Mapleleaf Viburnum)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caprifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Mapleleaf Viburnum

Growth Habit: Shrub, Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015

iNaturalist Observations:

164700838 (Observed: 5/30/2023)

104468685 (Observed: 10/16/2021)

83681093 (Observed: 6/18/2021)

74365248 (Observed: 4/17/2021)

65099246 (Observed: 11/17/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Images

Mapleleaf Viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium)
Mapleleaf Viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium)
Mapleleaf Viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium)
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Mapleleaf Viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium)
Mapleleaf Viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium)
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Mapleleaf Viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium)

Viburnum dentatum (Southern Arrowwood)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caprifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Southern Arrowwood

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015

iNaturalist Observations:

49763462 (Observed: 6/15/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Images

Southern Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum)
Southern Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum): pair of leaves
Southern Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum): underside of leaf
Southern Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum): inflorescence
Southern Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum): close-up of flower

Viburnum dilatatum (Linden Arrowwood)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caprifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Linden Arrowwood

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2021-2022

iNaturalist Observations:

133918860 (Observed: 6/1/2022)

99556907 (Observed: 10/19/2021)

52805734 (Observed: 9/15/2017)

Images

Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)

Viburnum opulus (European Cranberrybush)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caprifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: European Cranberrybush

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water

Deer Resistant: Yes

Viburnum plicatum (Japanese Snowball)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caprifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Japanese Snowball

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 1978; 2007; 2017-2019; 2021; 2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

46023059 (Observed: 5/12/2020)

77656063 (Observed: 5/6/2021)

Images

Japanese Snowball (Viburnum plicatum)
Japanese Snowball (Viburnum plicatum)
Japanese Snowball (Viburnum plicatum)
Japanese Snowball (Viburnum plicatum)
Japanese Snowball (Viburnum plicatum)
Japanese Snowball (Viburnum plicatum)

Viburnum prunifolium (Blackhaw)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caprifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Blackhaw

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Birds

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Pollinator.org

iNaturalist Observations:

156596679 (Observed: 4/25/2023)

130150061 (Observed: 8/9/2022)

99653146 (Observed: 10/28/2021)

99629281 (Observed: 10/28/2021)

45211674 (Observed: 5/7/2020)

53788712 (Observed: 7/20/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.

Images

Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): seedling
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium)
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium)
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): inflorescence
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): inflorescence
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): close-up of flowers
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): close-up of flowers
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): trunk
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): upper surface of leaves
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): underside of leaves
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): close-up of fruit
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): seedling

Viburnum setigerum (Tea Viburnum)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caprifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Tea Viburnum

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2017

Viburnum sieboldii (Siebolds Arrowwood)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caprifoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Siebold's Arrowwood

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018; 2022

iNaturalist Observations:

130149132 (Observed: 8/9/2022)

Arenaria serpyllifolia (Thymeleaf Sandwort)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caryophyllaceae

Notes

Common Name: Thymeleaf Sandwort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Cerastium fontanum (Common Mouse-ear Chickweed)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caryophyllaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Mouse-ear Chickweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Cerastium holosteoides auct. non Fr.

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water

Cerastium glomeratum (Sticky Chickweed)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caryophyllaceae

Notes

Common Name: Sticky Chickweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Cerastium nutans (Nodding Chickweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caryophyllaceae

Notes

Common Name: Nodding Chickweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Dianthus armeria (Deptford Pink)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caryophyllaceae

Notes

Common Name: Deptford Pink

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2023

Paronychia canadensis (Smooth Forked Nailwort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caryophyllaceae

Notes

Common Name: Smooth Forked Nailwort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Silene antirrhina (Sleepy Silene)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caryophyllaceae

Notes

Common Name: Sleepy Silene

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2017

Silene latifolia (Bladder Campion)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caryophyllaceae

Notes

Common Name: Bladder Campion

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Silene alba Mill

Years Noted: 1967; 1969-2000; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018; 2020

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

50584608 (Observed: 6/22/2020)

58280489 (Observed: 9/1/2020)

Images

Bladder Campion (Silene latifolia)
Bladder Campion (Silene latifolia)
Bladder Campion (Silene latifolia)
Bladder Campion (Silene latifolia)
Bladder Campion (Silene latifolia)
Bladder Campion (Silene latifolia): close-up of flower

Silene stellata (Widowsfrill)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caryophyllaceae

Notes

Common Name: Widowsfrill

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017

Deer Resistant: Yes

Spergularia salina (Salt Sandspurry)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caryophyllaceae

Notes

Common Name: Salt Sandspurry

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Stellaria longifolia (Longleaf Starwort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caryophyllaceae

Notes

Common Name: Longleaf Starwort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018

Stellaria media (Common Chickweed)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Caryophyllaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Chickweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018; 2023

Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Ants; Birds; Deer; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

iNaturalist Observations:

146765753 (Observed: 1/11/2023)

Celastrus orbiculatus (Oriental Bittersweet)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Celastraceae

Notes

Common Name: Oriental Bittersweet

Growth Habit: Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Years Noted: 1970-1971; 1984; 1999; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2013; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Birds

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

65956800 (Observed: 11/24/2020)

Images

Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus)
Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus)
Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus)

Euonymus alatus (Burningbush)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Celastraceae

Notes

Common Name: Burningbush

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007-2009; 2011; 2016-2024

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Burningbush (Euonymus alatus)
Burningbush (Euonymus alatus)
Burningbush (Euonymus alatus)

Euonymus fortunei (Winter Creeper)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Celastraceae

Notes

Common Name: Winter Creeper

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2012; 2016-2024

iNaturalist Observations:

98229990 (Observed: 10/11/2021)

71325867 (Observed: 3/22/2019)

Images

Winter Creeper (Euonymus fortunei)
Winter Creeper (Euonymus fortunei)
Winter Creeper (Euonymus fortunei)

Atriplex patula (Spear Saltbush)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Chenopodiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Spear Saltbush

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2017

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind

Chenopodium album (Lambsquarters)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Chenopodiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Lambsquarters

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967-1972; 1984; 1994; 2004; 2007; 2013; 2016; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat); Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

Deer Resistant: Yes

Hypericum perforatum (Common St. Johnswort)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Clusiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common St. Johnswort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2009

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Ballistic; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

Hypericum prolificum (Shrubby St. Johns-Wort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Clusiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Shrubby St. John's-Wort

Growth Habit: Shrub, Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2022-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

149996274 (Observed: 3/1/2023)

126369680 (Observed: 7/15/2022)

Images

Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)

Hypericum punctatum (Spotted St. Johnswort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Clusiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Spotted St. Johnswort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

174671828 (Observed: 7/21/2023)

126364917 (Observed: 7/15/2022)

123875832 (Observed: 6/27/2022)

85262594 (Observed: 7/1/2021)

57689252 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

58992591 (Observed: 9/8/2020)

Images

Spotted St. Johnswort (Hypericum punctatum)
Spotted St. Johnswort (Hypericum punctatum)
Spotted St. Johnswort (Hypericum punctatum): leaves and attachment to stem
Spotted St. Johnswort (Hypericum punctatum): underside of leaf
Spotted St. Johnswort (Hypericum punctatum): close-up of flower
Spotted St. Johnswort (Hypericum punctatum): close-up of flower

Calystegia sepium (Hedge False Bindweed)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Convolvulaceae

Notes

Common Name: Hedge False Bindweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Undetermined

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2023

Dispersed By: Human Activities; Water

iNaturalist Observations:

126377825 (Observed: 7/15/2022)

88173427 (Observed: 7/22/2021)

53782842 (Observed: 7/20/2020)

Images

Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)

Ipomoea purpurea (Common Morning-Glory)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Convolvulaceae

Notes

Common Names: Common Morning-Glory; Tall Morning-Glory

Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2023

Dispersed By: Dispersal Unassisted

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

179858765 (Observed: 8/23/2023)

Cornus alternifolia (Alternateleaf Dogwood)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Cornaceae

Notes

Common Name: Alternateleaf Dogwood

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1970; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2023

Dispersed By: Birds; Mammals (non-bat)

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

76516160 (Observed: 4/29/2021)

Images

Alternateleaf Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia)
Alternateleaf Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia)
Alternateleaf Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia)
Alternateleaf Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia)
Alternateleaf Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia)

Cornus amomum (Silky Dogwood)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Cornaceae

Notes

Common Name: Silky Dogwood

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2023

Dispersed By: Birds; Mammals (non-bat)

Bee Beneficial: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

123258472 (Observed: 6/24/2022)

83939658 (Observed: 6/21/2021)

84357761 (Observed: 6/24/2021)

58994006 (Observed: 9/8/2020)

Images

Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum)
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum): close-up of bark
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum)
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum): close-up of leaf bases
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum): upper surface of leaf
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum): underside of leaf
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum): close-up of leaf underside
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum): pith
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum): developing fruit
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum): close-up of flowers

Cornus florida (Flowering Dogwood)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Cornaceae

Notes

Common Name: Flowering Dogwood

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 1992; 2004-2005; 2007; 2010-2011; 2013; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Birds

Images

Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida)
Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida)
Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida)
Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida)

Nyssa sylvatica (Black Tupelo)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Cornaceae

Notes

Common Names: Black Tupelo; Blackgum

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2010; 2013; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Birds

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Images

Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)
Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)
Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)
Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)

Penthorum sedoides (Ditch Stonecrop)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Crassulaceae

Notes

Common Name: Ditch Stonecrop

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2022

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

iNaturalist Observations:

137048137 (Observed: 9/30/2022)

Images

Ditch Stonecrop (Penthorum sedoides)
Ditch Stonecrop (Penthorum sedoides): Upper surface of leaf
Ditch Stonecrop (Penthorum sedoides): Underside of leaf
Ditch Stonecrop (Penthorum sedoides): Fruits
Ditch Stonecrop (Penthorum sedoides): Close-up of fruits

Sedum sarmentosum (Stringy Stonecrop)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Crassulaceae

Notes

Common Name: Stringy Stonecrop

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2018; 2020; 2023

Notes: One population noted: at the base of the Route 202 ramp at the eastern edge of the GNA.

iNaturalist Observations:

41776018 (Observed: 4/9/2020)

Images

Stringy Stonecrop (Sedum sarmentosum)
Stringy Stonecrop (Sedum sarmentosum)
Stringy Stonecrop (Sedum sarmentosum)

Sedum ternatum (Woodland Stonecrop)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Crassulaceae

Notes

Common Name: Woodland Stonecrop

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2024

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

146845575 (Observed: 1/18/2023)

77874697 (Observed: 5/7/2021)

40101718 (Observed: 3/16/2020)

45018999 (Observed: 5/5/2020)

54858689 (Observed: 7/30/2020)

Images

Woodland Stonecrop (Sedum ternatum)
Woodland Stonecrop (Sedum ternatum)
Woodland Stonecrop (Sedum ternatum)
Woodland Stonecrop (Sedum ternatum)
Woodland Stonecrop (Sedum ternatum)

Echinocystis lobata (Wild Cucumber)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Cucurbitaceae

Notes

Common Name: Wild Cucumber

Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Water

iNaturalist Observations:

132848661 (Observed: 8/29/2022)

Images

Wild Cucumber (Echinocystis lobata)
Wild Cucumber (Echinocystis lobata)
Wild Cucumber (Echinocystis lobata)
Wild Cucumber (Echinocystis lobata)
Wild Cucumber (Echinocystis lobata)

Sicyos angulatus (Oneseed Bur Cucumber)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Cucurbitaceae

Notes

Common Name: Oneseed Bur Cucumber

Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 1993-1995; 2004; 2007; 2012; 2017-2018; 2022

Images

Oneseed Bur Cucumber (Sicyos angulatus)
Oneseed Bur Cucumber (Sicyos angulatus)
Oneseed Bur Cucumber (Sicyos angulatus)
Oneseed Bur Cucumber (Sicyos angulatus)
Oneseed Bur Cucumber (Sicyos angulatus)

Cuscuta gronovii (Scaldweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Cuscutaceae

Notes

Common Name: Scaldweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Water

Images

Scaldweed (Cuscuta gronovii)
Scaldweed (Cuscuta gronovii)
Scaldweed (Cuscuta gronovii)

Dipsacus fullonum (Fullers Teasel)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Dipsacaceae

Notes

Common Name: Fuller's Teasel

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2019-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

iNaturalist Observations:

108329682 (Observed: 3/10/2022)

88172861 (Observed: 7/22/2021)

83182844 (Observed: 6/14/2021)

57180106 (Observed: 8/20/2020)

59734041 (Observed: 9/15/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Images

Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum): inflorescence
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum): inflorescence
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum): close-up of developing inflorescence
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)

Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian Olive)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Elaeagnaceae

Notes

Common Name: Russian Olive

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Year Noted: 1978

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds

Deer Resistant: Yes

Elaeagnus umbellata (Autumn Olive)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Elaeagnaceae

Notes

Common Name: Autumn Olive

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 1984; 1991; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012-2013; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

135114078 (Observed: 9/14/2022)

100877716 (Observed: 11/11/2021)

83936795 (Observed: 6/21/2021)

40103175 (Observed: 3/16/2020)

46766371 (Observed: 5/21/2020)

58989460 (Observed: 9/8/2020)

Images

Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata): underside of leaf
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata): close-up of underside of leaf
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata): close-up of underside of leaf

Lyonia ligustrina (Maleberry)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ericaceae

Notes

Common Name: Maleberry

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Deer Resistant: Yes

Rhododendron periclymenoides (Pinkster Bush)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ericaceae

Notes

Common Names: Pinkster Bush; Pink Azalea

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1978; 1984; 2007; 2011; 2016-2020; 2022-2023

Images

Pink Azalea (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Pinkster Bush (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Pinkster Bush (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Pinkster Bush (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Pinkster Bush (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Pinkster Bush (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Pinkster Bush (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Pinkster Bush (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Pinkster Bush (Rhododendron periclymenoides)

Acalypha rhomboidea (Common Threeseed Mercury)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Notes

Common Names: Common Threeseed Mercury; Common Copperleaf

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018; 2020

iNaturalist Observations:

57678837 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Images

Common Threeseed Mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea)
Common Threeseed Mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea)
Common Threeseed Mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea): upper surface of leaf
Common Threeseed Mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea): lower surface of leaf
Common Threeseed Mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea): inflorescence
Common Threeseed Mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea): close-up of inflorescence
Common Threeseed Mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea): close-up of inflorescence
Common Threeseed Mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea): inflorescence: close-up of inflorescence

Acalypha virginica (Virginia Threeseed Mercury)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Virginia Threeseed Mercury

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2004

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; General Zoochory

Chamaesyce maculata (Spotted Sandmat)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Spotted Sandmat

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Ants; Ballistic; Human Activities

Allelopathic: Yes

Chamaesyce nutans (Eyebane)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Eyebane

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Euphorbia nutans Lag.

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018

Albizia julibrissin (Silktree)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Silktree

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 2007; 2019-2022

Dispersed By: Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

81415929 (Observed: 6/2/2021)

53100910 (Observed: 7/14/2020)

Images

Silktree (Albizia julibrissin)
Silktree (Albizia julibrissin)
Silktree (Albizia julibrissin)
Silktree (Albizia julibrissin): close-up of a flower base
Silktree (Albizia julibrissin): close up of the anthers
Silktree (Albizia julibrissin): close-up of inflorescence

Amphicarpaea bracteata (American Hogpeanut)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Hogpeanut

Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2013-2014; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Dispersal Prevented

iNaturalist Observations:

32484853 (Observed: 9/10/2019)

58542708 (Observed: 9/4/2020)

Images

American Hogpeanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata)
American Hogpeanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata)

Cercis canadensis (Eastern Redbud)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Eastern Redbud

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2013; 2016

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

41947504 (Observed: 4/11/2020)

85480520 (Observed: 6/12/2021)

Chamaecrista nictitans (Sensitive Partridge Pea)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Sensitive Partridge Pea

Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Cassia nictitans L.

Year Noted: 1984

Desmodium glabellum (Tall Tick-Trefoil)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Names: Tall Tick-Trefoil; Dillenius' Ticktrefoil

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2020

iNaturalist Observations:

56446898 (Observed: 8/14/2020)

Desmodium glutinosum (Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2018

Images

Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil (Desmodium glutinosum)
Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil (Desmodium glutinosum)
Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil (Desmodium glutinosum)
Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil (Desmodium glutinosum)
Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil (Desmodium glutinosum)
Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil (Desmodium glutinosum)

Desmodium nudiflorum (Naked-flowered Tick-Trefoil)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Naked-flowered Tick-Trefoil

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2018; 2023

Desmodium paniculatum (Panicledleaf Ticktrefoil)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Panicledleaf Ticktrefoil

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007

Desmodium perplexum (Perplexed Ticktrefoil)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Perplexed Ticktrefoil

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2017; 2020

Images

Perplexed Ticktrefoil (Desmodium perplexum)
Perplexed Ticktrefoil (Desmodium perplexum)
Perplexed Ticktrefoil (Desmodium perplexum)
Perplexed Ticktrefoil (Desmodium perplexum)
Perplexed Ticktrefoil (Desmodium perplexum)

Gleditsia triacanthos (Honeylocust)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Honeylocust

Growth Habit: Shrub, Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2020

Dispersed By: Animals; Mammals (non-bat)

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

34479284 (Observed: 10/16/2019)

61141964 (Observed: 9/28/2020)

Images

Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos): underside of leaf
Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos): close-up of underside of leaflet
Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos): : close-up of stem and petiole bases
Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos): close-up of a seedling's stem

Lespedeza repens (Creeping Lespedeza)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Creeping Lespedeza

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Lespedeza violacea (Violet Lespedeza)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Violet Lespedeza

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Lespedeza intermedia sensu Clewell

Years Noted: 1984; 2007

Lotus corniculatus (Birds-foot Trefoil)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Bird's-foot Trefoil

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2004

Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; Deer; General Zoochory; Water

Medicago lupulina (Black Medick)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Black Medick

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Water

Melilotus officinalis (Sweetclover)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Sweetclover

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Robinia pseudoacacia (Black Locust)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Black Locust

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 1987; 1992; 1996; 1999-2000; 2002; 2004-2005; 2007-2009; 2012-2014; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Dispersal Unassisted

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

iNaturalist Observations:

61140403 (Observed: 9/28/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Images

Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia): underside of leaflets
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia): close-up of underside of leaflet
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia): close-up of base of petiole
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia): close-up of thorns
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia): close-up of a seedling stem

Securigera varia (Crownvetch)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Crownvetch

Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Synonyms: Coronilla varia L.

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2011; 2017-2020; 2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer

Allelopathic: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

50585448 (Observed: 6/22/2020)

Images

Crownvetch (Securigera varia)
Crownvetch (Securigera varia)
Crownvetch (Securigera varia)
Crownvetch (Securigera varia)
Crownvetch (Securigera varia): close-up of inflorescence
Crownvetch (Securigera varia): close-up of flower

Trifolium aureum (Golden Clover)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Golden Clover

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water; Wind

Trifolium campestre (Field Clover)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Field Clover

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind

Trifolium hybridum (Alsike Clover)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Alsike Clover

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water

Trifolium pratense (Red Clover)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Red Clover

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018; 2020

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Water; Wind

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

iNaturalist Observations:

57683057 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Images

Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense): leaf
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense): upper surface of leaflet
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense): lower surface of leaflet
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense): inflorescence
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense): close-up of inflorescence
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense): close-up of inflorescence

Trifolium repens (White Clover)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: White Clover

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); Birds; Deer; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat); Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Vicia sativa (Garden Vetch)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Garden Vetch

Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017

Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic

Vicia tetrasperma (Lentil Vetch)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fabaceae

Notes

Common Name: Lentil Vetch

Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Ballistic; Deer; Human Activities; Water

Castanea dentata (American Chestnut)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fagaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Chestnut

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1971; 1978; 1984; 2007; 2017

Dispersed By: Animals; Mammals (non-bat)

Notes: Traits that characterize American Chestnut Buds and Stems (from the American Chestnut Foundation Website - https://acf.org/resources/identification/chinese-american-chestnuts/, Date Accessed: 4/5/2023): \"Pointed buds that angle away from the stem; Stems smooth and hairless; Stem color reddish brown to dark green' Small but numerous lenticels on stem.\"

Images

American Chestnut (Castanea dentata)
American Chestnut (Castanea dentata)

Castanea mollissima (Chinese Chestnut)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fagaceae

Notes

Common Name: Chinese Chestnut

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1990; 2023

iNaturalist Observations:

151054916 (Observed: 3/13/2023)

Images

Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima) burs
Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima) bur
Cross-section of a Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima) bur

Fagus grandifolia (American Beech)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fagaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Beech

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 1992; 2002; 2004; 2007-2010; 2013-2014; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Mammals (non-bat)

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

183748155 (Observed: 8/31/2023)

154740945 (Observed: 4/13/2023)

94210489 (Observed: 9/2/2021)

69810886 (Observed: 10/4/2019)

Images

American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)

Quercus acutissima (Sawtooth Oak)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fagaceae

Notes

Common Name: Sawtooth Oak

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Watch List — "Exotic plant species that are severe problems in surrounding states but have not been widely reported in Pennsylvania, OR may naturalize and become a problem in the future and require more monitoring."

Year Noted: 2012

Quercus alba (White Oak)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fagaceae

Notes

Common Name: White Oak

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2010; 2013-2014; 2016-2023

Allelopathic: Yes

Quercus bicolor (Swamp White Oak)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fagaceae

Notes

Common Name: Swamp White Oak

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2013; 2016

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

iNaturalist Observations:

163847308 (Observed: 5/26/2023)

Quercus coccinea (Scarlet Oak)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fagaceae

Notes

Common Name: Scarlet Oak

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967; 2007; 2018

Quercus palustris (Pin Oak)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fagaceae

Notes

Common Name: Pin Oak

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2019; 2022

Dispersed By: Water

iNaturalist Observations:

143956047 (Observed: 12/8/2022)

Quercus rubra (Northern Red Oak)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fagaceae

Notes

Common Name: Northern Red Oak

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 1992; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2010; 2012-2014; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Human Activities

Allelopathic: Yes

Quercus velutina (Black Oak)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fagaceae

Notes

Common Name: Black Oak

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2010; 2013; 2016-2018; 2020-2024

Dicentra cucullaria (Dutchmans Breeches)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Fumariaceae

Notes

Common Name: Dutchman's Breeches

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Ants

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Dutchman's Breeches (Dicentra cucullaria)

Obolaria virginica (Virginia Pennywort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Gentianaceae

Notes

Common Name: Virginia Pennywort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

103382139 (Observed: 12/15/2021)

40995765 (Observed: 3/29/2020)

41791905 (Observed: 4/9/2020)

72393991 (Observed: 3/29/2021)

Images

Virginia Pennywort (Obolaria virginica)
Virginia Pennywort (Obolaria virginica)
Virginia Pennywort (Obolaria virginica)
Virginia Pennywort (Obolaria virginica)
Virginia Pennywort (Obolaria virginica)
Virginia Pennywort (Obolaria virginica)

Geranium carolinianum (Carolina Geranium)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Geraniaceae

Notes

Common Name: Carolina Geranium

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2017

Geranium dissectum (Cutleaf Geranium)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Geraniaceae

Notes

Common Name: Cutleaf Geranium

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; General Zoochory; Human Activities

Geranium maculatum (Spotted Geranium)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Geraniaceae

Notes

Common Name: Spotted Geranium

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2016-2018; 2020-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

77524061 (Observed: 5/3/2021)

Images

Spotted Geranium (Geranium maculatum)
Spotted Geranium (Geranium maculatum)

Ribes (Currant)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Grossulariaceae

Notes

Common Name: Currant

Growth Habit:

Duration:

Origin: Undetermined

Year Noted: 2017-2018

Deer Resistant: Yes

Hamamelis virginiana (American Witchhazel)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Hamamelidaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Witchhazel

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1965; 1970; 1984; 1992; 2004; 2007; 2010; 2013; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Ballistic; Birds

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

140880305 (Observed: 10/20/2022)

63432533 (Observed: 10/24/2020)

Images

American Witchhazel (Hamamelis virginiana)
American Witchhazel (Hamamelis virginiana)
American Witchhazel (Hamamelis virginiana)

Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Hamamelidaceae

Notes

Common Name: Sweetgum

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018-2024

Dispersed By: Wind

Notes: A single individual noted in the Gordon. Almost certainly introduced from nearby horticultural sources.

iNaturalist Observations:

92405052 (Observed: 8/24/2021)

Images

Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua): fruit
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua): close-up of style and stigma
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)

Philadelphus (Mock Orange)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Hydrangeaceae

Notes

Common Name: Mock Orange

Growth Habit:

Duration:

Origin: Undetermined

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Carya cordiformis (Bitternut Hickory)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Juglandaceae

Notes

Common Name: Bitternut Hickory

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1992; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

Carya glabra (Pignut Hickory)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Juglandaceae

Notes

Common Name: Pignut Hickory

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2013-2014; 2016-2021; 2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra)
Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra)
Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra)

Carya ovalis (Red Hickory)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Juglandaceae

Notes

Common Name: Red Hickory

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Deer Resistant: Yes

Carya ovata (Shagbark Hickory)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Juglandaceae

Notes

Common Name: Shagbark Hickory

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 1992; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2010; 2013-2014; 2016-2024

Allelopathic: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

104421441 (Observed: 10/16/2021)

25467385 (Observed: 5/20/2019)

35098442 (Observed: 10/30/2019)

Images

Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata)
Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata)

Carya tomentosa (Mockernut Hickory)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Juglandaceae

Notes

Common Name: Mockernut Hickory

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Carya alba (L.) Nutt

Years Noted: 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2010; 2013-2014; 2016-2018; 2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

156724978 (Observed: 4/25/2023)

Juglans nigra (Black Walnut)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Juglandaceae

Notes

Common Name: Black Walnut

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1971; 1984; 1996; 2000; 2002; 2004-2005; 2007-2008; 2012-2014; 2016-2020; 2022-2023

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)

Agastache nepetoides (Yellow Giant Hyssop)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Yellow Giant Hyssop

Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Ajuga reptans (Carpet Bugleweed)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Names: Carpet Bugleweed; Common Bugle

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2020

Dispersed By: Ants

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

57571430 (Observed: 5/20/2019)

Images

Carpet Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans)
Carpet Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans): leaf upper surface
Carpet Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans): inflorescence
Carpet Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans): close-up of flower
Carpet Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans): inflorescence
Carpet Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans): senescing flower
Carpet Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans): underside of leaf

Clinopodium vulgare (Wild Basil)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Wild Basil

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Satureja vulgaris (L.) Fritsch

Years Noted: 1983-1984; 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water

Allelopathic: Yes

Collinsonia canadensis (Richweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Names: Richweed; Citronella Horse Balm

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2016-2020; 2022-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

135276037 (Observed: 9/16/2022)

57666421 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Images

Richweed (Collinsonia canadensis)
Richweed (Collinsonia canadensis)
Richweed (Collinsonia canadensis)

Glechoma hederacea (Gill-over-the-ground)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Names: Gill-over-the-ground; Ground Ivy

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Human Activities; Water

iNaturalist Observations:

154853801 (Observed: 4/14/2023)

110579811 (Observed: 4/5/2022)

74364367 (Observed: 4/17/2021)

42062097 (Observed: 4/12/2020)

Images

Gill-over-the-ground (Glechoma hederacea)
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Gill-over-the-ground (Glechoma hederacea)
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Gill-over-the-ground (Glechoma hederacea)
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Gill-over-the-ground (Glechoma hederacea)
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Gill-over-the-ground (Glechoma hederacea)

Hedeoma pulegioides (American False Pennyroyal)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: American False Pennyroyal

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Lamium amplexicaule (Henbit Deadnettle)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Henbit Deadnettle

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Dispersed By: Ants; Human Activities

Lamium purpureum (Purple Deadnettle)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Purple Deadnettle

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2008; 2016-2018; 2021

Dispersed By: Ants; Human Activities

iNaturalist Observations:

74764961 (Observed: 4/21/2021)

Images

Purple Deadnettle (Lamium purpureum)

Leonurus cardiaca (Common Motherwort)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Motherwort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water

Lycopus americanus (American Water Horehound)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Water Horehound

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Deer Resistant: Yes

Lycopus uniflorus (Northern Bugleweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Northern Bugleweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2020

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

iNaturalist Observations:

56448483 (Observed: 8/14/2020)

Images

Northern Bugleweed (Lycopus uniflorus)
Northern Bugleweed (Lycopus uniflorus)
Northern Bugleweed (Lycopus uniflorus)
Northern Bugleweed (Lycopus uniflorus)
Northern Bugleweed (Lycopus uniflorus)
Northern Bugleweed (Lycopus uniflorus)

Lycopus virginicus (Virginia Water Horehound)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Virginia Water Horehound

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Images

Virginia Water Horehound (Lycopus virginicus)
Virginia Water Horehound (Lycopus virginicus)
Virginia Water Horehound (Lycopus virginicus)

Mentha ×piperita (Peppermint)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Peppermint

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2020

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Notes: A single 'occurrence' noted. Growing along the PECO power line right-of-way.

iNaturalist Observations:

57726281 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Images

Peppermint (Mentha ×piperita)
Peppermint (Mentha ×piperita): close-up of inflorescence
Peppermint (Mentha ×piperita): close-up of inflorescence
Peppermint (Mentha ×piperita)
Peppermint (Mentha ×piperita): close-up of inflorescence
Peppermint (Mentha ×piperita): close-up of flower

Mentha arvensis (Corn Mint)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Names: Corn Mint; Wild Mint

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018; 2020-2021; 2023

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

173760484 (Observed: 7/19/2023)

52515616 (Observed: 7/9/2020)

Images

Wild Mint (Mentha arvensis)
Wild Mint (Mentha arvensis)
Wild Mint (Mentha arvensis)

Mentha spicata (Spearmint)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Spearmint

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017; 2019; 2021-2022

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

90770688 (Observed: 8/10/2021)

Nepeta cataria (Catnip)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Catnip

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities

Deer Resistant: Yes

Perilla frutescens (Beefsteak Plant)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Beefsteak Plant

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020

Deer Resistant: Yes

Notes: Very common along roadsides and in other weedy 'edge' habitats.

iNaturalist Observations:

57676580 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

60459745 (Observed: 9/22/2020)

Images

Beefsteakplant (Perilla frutescens)
Beefsteakplant (Perilla frutescens)
Beefsteakplant (Perilla frutescens)
Beefsteak Plant (Perilla frutescens)
Beefsteak Plant (Perilla frutescens)
Beefsteak Plant (Perilla frutescens): inflorescence
Beefsteak Plant (Perilla frutescens): inflorescence
Beefsteak Plant (Perilla frutescens): close-up of inflorescence

Prunella vulgaris (Common Selfheal)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Selfheal

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

Pycnanthemum tenuifolium (Narrowleaf Mountainmint)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Narrowleaf Mountainmint

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List

Monarch Butterfly References

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.

Pycnanthemum virginianum (Virginia Mountainmint)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Virginia Mountainmint

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2012; 2016-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015

iNaturalist Observations:

86911024 (Observed: 7/13/2021)

36404751 (Observed: 12/6/2019)

52500805 (Observed: 7/9/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Images

Virginia Mountainmint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)
Virginia Mountainmint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)
Virginia Mountainmint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)
Virginia Mountainmint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)
Virginia Mountainmint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)
Virginia Mountainmint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)
Virginia Mountainmint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)

Scutellaria elliptica (Hairy Skullcap)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Hairy Skullcap

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Scutellaria integrifolia (Helmet Flower)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Helmet Flower

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Scutellaria lateriflora (Blue Skullcap)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Blue Skullcap

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2018

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Teucrium canadense (Canada Germander)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Names: Canada Germander; American Germander

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2016-2018; 2020-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

171559321 (Observed: 7/7/2023)

134056962 (Observed: 9/7/2022)

132860806 (Observed: 8/29/2022)

90773693 (Observed: 8/10/2021)

86911800 (Observed: 7/13/2021)

53772958 (Observed: 7/20/2020)

58281223 (Observed: 9/1/2020)

Images

Canada Germander (Teucrium canadense)
Canada Germander (Teucrium canadense)
Canada Germander (Teucrium canadense)
Canada Germander (Teucrium canadense)
Canada Germander (Teucrium canadense)
Canada Germander (Teucrium canadense)
Canada Germander (Teucrium canadense)
Canada Germander (Teucrium canadense)

Trichostema dichotomum (Forked Bluecurls)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lamiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Forked Bluecurls

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Lindera benzoin (Northern Spicebush)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lauraceae

Notes

Common Name: Northern Spicebush

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2014; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Birds

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

183748175 (Observed: 8/31/2023)

40669237 (Observed: 3/24/2020)

72393798 (Observed: 3/29/2021)

Images

Northern Spicebush (Lindera benzoin)
Northern Spicebush (Lindera benzoin)
Northern Spicebush (Lindera benzoin)

Sassafras albidum (Sassafras)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lauraceae

Notes

Common Name: Sassafras

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Birds

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

79316179 (Observed: 5/13/2021)

51627518 (Observed: 7/1/2020)

207972459 (Observed: 4/18/2024)

Images

Sassafras (Sassafras albidum): Bark
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum): Fall colors
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum) seedling
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum): sapling
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum): close-up of inflorescence and developing leaves
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum): close-up of inflorescence
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum): close-up of flower

Linum virginianum (Woodland Flax)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Linaceae

Notes

Common Name: Woodland Flax

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Lythrum salicaria (Purple Loosestrife)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Lythraceae

Notes

Common Name: Purple Loosestrife

Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2012; 2017; 2021; 2023

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Mammals (non-bat); Water; Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

94855995 (Observed: 9/14/2021)

Images

Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)

Liriodendron tulipifera (Tuliptree)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Magnoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Tuliptree

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 1992; 2002; 2004; 2007-2010; 2013-2014; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; Mammals (non-bat); Wind

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

81493896 (Observed: 6/3/2021)

49113166 (Observed: 6/4/2020)

Images

Tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera)

Magnolia acuminata (Cucumber-tree)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Magnoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Cucumber-tree

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Magnolia tripetala (Umbrella-tree)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Magnoliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Umbrella-tree

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2017-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

98229798 (Observed: 10/11/2021)

75701554 (Observed: 4/29/2021)

49058027 (Observed: 6/9/2020)

Images

Umbrella-tree (Magnolia tripetala)
Umbrella-tree (Magnolia tripetala)
Umbrella-tree (Magnolia tripetala)

Abutilon theophrasti (Velvetleaf)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Malvaceae

Notes

Common Names: Velvetleaf; Butter-print

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2023

Dispersed By: Human Activities

iNaturalist Observations:

179009540 (Observed: 8/18/2023)

Hibiscus syriacus (Rose-of-Sharon)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Malvaceae

Notes

Common Name: Rose-of-Sharon

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2020-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

58274287 (Observed: 9/1/2020)

Images

Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus): base of flower and Green Cone-headed Planthopper
Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus): close-up of flower
Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus): close-up of flower
Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus): close of of stigma

Hibiscus trionum (Flower Of An Hour)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Malvaceae

Notes

Common Name: Flower Of An Hour

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2023

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities

iNaturalist Observations:

167031437 (Observed: 6/12/2023)

Malva moschata (Musk Mallow)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Malvaceae

Notes

Common Name: Musk Mallow

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water

Sida spinosa (Prickly Fanpetals)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Malvaceae

Notes

Common Name: Prickly Fanpetals

Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Dispersed By: Animals (Accidental); General Zoochory; Mammals (non-bat)

Menispermum canadense (Common Moonseed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Menispermaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Moonseed

Growth Habit: Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2023

Dispersed By: Birds

iNaturalist Observations:

156721047 (Observed: 4/25/2023)

Mollugo verticillata (Green Carpetweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Molluginaceae

Notes

Common Name: Green Carpetweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer

Monotropa uniflora (Indianpipe)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Monotropaceae

Notes

Common Name: Indianpipe

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

173759031 (Observed: 7/19/2023)

83638338 (Observed: 6/18/2021)

Images

Indianpipe (Monotropa uniflora)
Indianpipe (Monotropa uniflora)

Maclura pomifera (Osage Orange)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Moraceae

Notes

Common Name: Osage Orange

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017

Dispersed By: Animals; Mammals (non-bat)

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera)
Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera)
Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera)
Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera)

Morus alba (White Mulberry)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Moraceae

Notes

Common Name: White Mulberry

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Years Noted: 1978; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Dispersal Unassisted; Mammals (non-bat)

iNaturalist Observations:

79197060 (Observed: 5/17/2021)

Morus rubra (Red Mulberry)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Moraceae

Notes

Common Name: Red Mulberry

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967; 1978; 1984

Dispersed By: Birds; Mammals (non-bat)

Forsythia (Forsythia)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Oleaceae

Notes

Common Name: Forsythia

Growth Habit:

Duration:

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Deer Resistant: Yes

Fraxinus americana (White Ash)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Oleaceae

Notes

Common Name: White Ash

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 1992; 1996; 2000; 2002; 2004-2005; 2007-2014; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

154742886 (Observed: 4/13/2023)

Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Green Ash)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Oleaceae

Notes

Common Name: Green Ash

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1978; 2007; 2017; 2023

Dispersed By: Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

Ligustrum obtusifolium (Border Privet)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Oleaceae

Notes

Common Name: Border Privet

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2016-2024

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

13242645 (Observed: 6/8/2018)

118453066 (Observed: 5/23/2022)

45918273 (Observed: 5/14/2020)

50922714 (Observed: 6/25/2020)

Images

Border Privet (Ligustrum obtusifolium)

Ligustrum vulgare (European Privet)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Oleaceae

Notes

Common Name: European Privet

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 1971; 1978; 1984

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water

Deer Resistant: Yes

Circaea lutetiana (Broadleaf Enchanters Nightshade)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Onagraceae

Notes

Common Name: Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Circaea canadensis (L.) Hill

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); General Zoochory; Mammals (non-bat); Water

iNaturalist Observations:

50586904 (Observed: 6/22/2020)

Images

Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade (Circaea lutetiana)
Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade (Circaea lutetiana)
Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade (Circaea lutetiana)
Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade (Circaea lutetiana)

Epilobium coloratum (Purpleleaf Willowherb)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Onagraceae

Notes

Common Name: Purpleleaf Willowherb

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer

iNaturalist Observations:

57727017 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Images

Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)

Ludwigia alternifolia (Seedbox)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Onagraceae

Notes

Common Name: Seedbox

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2020

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

iNaturalist Observations:

58992945 (Observed: 9/8/2020)

Images

Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia)
Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia)
Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia): close-up of flower
Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia): upper surface of leaf
Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia): close-up of underside of leaf
Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia): stem with flowers
Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia): close-up of calyx

Ludwigia palustris (Marsh Seedbox)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Onagraceae

Notes

Common Name: Marsh Seedbox

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2024

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dispersed By: Water

iNaturalist Observations:

95091216 (Observed: 9/16/2021)

50917084 (Observed: 6/25/2020)

Images

Marsh Seedbox (Ludwigia palustris)
Marsh Seedbox (Ludwigia palustris)
Marsh Seedbox (Ludwigia palustris)
Marsh Seedbox (Ludwigia palustris): habit
Marsh Seedbox (Ludwigia palustris): close-up of flower buds in the leaf-axils
Marsh Seedbox (Ludwigia palustris): close-up of flower
Marsh Seedbox (Ludwigia palustris): close-up of flower

Oenothera biennis (Common Evening Primrose)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Onagraceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Evening Primrose

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2012; 2017; 2020; 2022

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind

Bee Beneficial: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

58277669 (Observed: 9/1/2020)

Images

Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
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Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
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Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
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Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
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Epifagus virginiana (Beechdrops)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Orobanchaceae

Notes

Common Name: Beechdrops

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2024

iNaturalist Observations:

61780655 (Observed: 10/1/2020)

104468712 (Observed: 10/16/2021)

60459245 (Observed: 9/22/2020)

Images

Beechdrops (Epifagus virginiana)
Beechdrops (Epifagus virginiana)
Beechdrops (Epifagus virginiana)
Beechdrops (Epifagus virginiana)

Orobanche uniflora (One-flowered Broomrape)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Orobanchaceae

Notes

Common Name: One-flowered Broomrape

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2019; 2021; 2023

Dispersed By: Wind

Notes: A root parasite who's stem is underground; hence, you only see this species when it's flowering.

iNaturalist Observations:

159496500 (Observed: 5/3/2023)

41194320 (Observed: 5/13/2019)

77872479 (Observed: 5/7/2021)

Images

One-flowered Broomrape (Orobanche uniflora)
One-flowered Broomrape (Orobanche uniflora)
One-flowered Broomrape (Orobanche uniflora)

Oxalis dillenii (Slender Yellow Woodsorrel)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Oxalidaceae

Notes

Common Name: Slender Yellow Woodsorrel

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018

iNaturalist Observations:

45210069 (Observed: 5/7/2020)

Oxalis stricta (Common Yellow Oxalis)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Oxalidaceae

Notes

Common Names: Common Yellow Oxalis; Upright Yellow Woodsorrel

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Oxalis europaea Jord.

Years Noted: 1967; 1969-2000; 2009; 2020-2022

Dispersed By: Animals

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

139265548 (Observed: 10/17/2022)

90194420 (Observed: 8/6/2021)

Images

Common Yellow Oxalis (Oxalis stricta)
Common Yellow Oxalis (Oxalis stricta)
Common Yellow Oxalis (Oxalis stricta)
Common Yellow Oxalis (Oxalis stricta)

Oxalis violacea (Violet Woodsorrel)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Oxalidaceae

Notes

Common Name: Violet Woodsorrel

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017

Images

Violet Woodsorrel (Oxalis violacea)
Violet Woodsorrel (Oxalis violacea)

Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Papaveraceae

Notes

Common Name: Bloodroot

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Ants

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

110758608 (Observed: 4/8/2022)

40669035 (Observed: 3/24/2020)

72469787 (Observed: 3/30/2021)

Images

Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis): close-up of flower
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis): close-up of flower

Phytolacca americana (American Pokeweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Phytolaccaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Pokeweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2012-2013; 2016-2018; 2020

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

57735601 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Images

American Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana)
American Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana)
American Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana)

Plantago lanceolata (Narrowleaf Plantain)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Plantaginaceae

Notes

Common Name: Narrowleaf Plantain

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007-2008; 2017-2018; 2020-2021

Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

82467975 (Observed: 6/10/2021)

Images

Narrowleaf Plantain (Plantago lanceolata)

Plantago major (Common Plantain)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Plantaginaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Plantain

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat); Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

Plantago rugelii (Blackseed Plantain)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Plantaginaceae

Notes

Common Name: Blackseed Plantain

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018

Images

Blackseed Plantain (Plantago rugelii)
Blackseed Plantain (Plantago rugelii)
Blackseed Plantain (Plantago rugelii)
Blackseed Plantain (Plantago rugelii)

Platanus occidentalis (American Sycamore)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Platanaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Sycamore

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2010; 2013; 2017-2024

Dispersed By: Water; Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

154742182 (Observed: 4/13/2023)

Images

American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)

Polygala sanguinea (Purple Milkwort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygalaceae

Notes

Common Name: Purple Milkwort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Polygala verticillata (Whorled Milkwort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygalaceae

Notes

Common Name: Whorled Milkwort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Polygonum arifolium (Halberdleaf Tearthumb)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygonaceae

Notes

Common Name: Halberdleaf Tearthumb

Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Persicaria arifolia (L.) Harolds

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018; 2020; 2022

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

iNaturalist Observations:

46771350 (Observed: 5/21/2020)

Images

Halberdleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium)
Halberdleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium)
Halberdleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium)
Halberdleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium)
Halberdleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium)
Halberdleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium)
Halberdleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium)
Halberdleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium)

Polygonum aviculare (Prostrate Knotweed)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygonaceae

Notes

Common Name: Prostrate Knotweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020

Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Birds; Deer; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

Allelopathic: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

57679572 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Images

Prostrate Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare)
Prostrate Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare)
Prostrate Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare)
Prostrate Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare): close up of flower
Prostrate Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare): close up of ligule
Prostrate Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare): lower surface of leaf

Polygonum cespitosum var. longisetum (Oriental Ladys Thumb)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygonaceae

Notes

Common Name: Oriental Lady's Thumb

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Synonyms: Persicaria longiseta (Bruijn) Kitag

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2012; 2017-2020

Dispersed By: Dispersal Unassisted

iNaturalist Observations:

61777636 (Observed: 10/1/2020)

58276284 (Observed: 9/1/2020)

Images

Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum)
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum)
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum)
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum): inflorescence
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum): inflorescence
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum): close-up of ocra
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum): close-up of flowers
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum): inflorescence
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum): lower surface of leaf
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum): upper surface of leaf

Polygonum hydropiper (Marshpepper Knotweed)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygonaceae

Notes

Common Name: Marshpepper Knotweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Opiz

Years Noted: 2007; 2018; 2022

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

iNaturalist Observations:

132859580 (Observed: 8/29/2022)

Polygonum lapathifolium (Curlytop Knotweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygonaceae

Notes

Common Name: Curlytop Knotweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

Polygonum pensylvanicum (Pennsylvania Smartweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygonaceae

Notes

Common Name: Pennsylvania Smartweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007

Allelopathic: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Polygonum perfoliatum (Mile-a-Minute Weed)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygonaceae

Notes

Common Names: Mile-a-Minute Weed; Asiatic Tearthumb

Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Synonyms: Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2014; 2017-2023

Dispersed By: Dispersal Unassisted

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Asiatic Tearthumb (Polygonum perfoliatum)
Asiatic Tearthumb (Polygonum perfoliatum)
Asiatic Tearthumb (Polygonum perfoliatum)
Asiatic Tearthumb (Polygonum perfoliatum)
Asiatic Tearthumb (Polygonum perfoliatum)

Polygonum persicaria (Spotted Ladysthumb)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygonaceae

Notes

Common Name: Spotted Ladysthumb

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Persicaria maculosa Gray

Years Noted: 1971-1974; 2007; 2016-2020; 2023

Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

Allelopathic: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

58282910 (Observed: 9/1/2020)

Images

Spotted Ladysthumb (Polygonum persicaria)
Spotted Ladysthumb (Polygonum persicaria)
Spotted Ladysthumb (Polygonum persicaria)
Spotted Ladysthumb (Polygonum persicaria)
Spotted Ladysthumb (Polygonum persicaria)
Spotted Ladysthumb (Polygonum persicaria)

Polygonum punctatum (Dotted Smartweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygonaceae

Notes

Common Name: Dotted Smartweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2012; 2018; 2020

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

iNaturalist Observations:

57734877 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

59002024 (Observed: 9/8/2020)

Images

Dotted Smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)
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Dotted Smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)
Dotted Smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)
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Dotted Smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)
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Dotted Smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)
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Dotted Smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)
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Polygonum sagittatum (Arrowleaf Tearthumb)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygonaceae

Notes

Common Name: Arrowleaf Tearthumb

Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017; 2019-2020; 2022-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

132861857 (Observed: 8/29/2022)

57731727 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

61156594 (Observed: 9/13/2019)

Images

Arrowleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum)
Arrowleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum)
Arrowleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum)

Polygonum scandens (Climbing False Buckwheat)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygonaceae

Notes

Common Name: Climbing False Buckwheat

Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Undetermined

Synonyms: Fallopia scandens (L.) Holub

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2020; 2022

iNaturalist Observations:

136195551 (Observed: 9/23/2022)

61427982 (Observed: 10/1/2020)

Images

Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens)
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens)
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens): upper surface of leaf
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens):  underside of leaf
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens)
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens): close-up of underside of leaf
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens): close-up of fruit
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens): close-up of fruit
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens): close-up of fruit

Polygonum virginianum (American Jumpseed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygonaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Jumpseed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Ballistic

iNaturalist Observations:

95842007 (Observed: 9/21/2021)

41859349 (Observed: 4/10/2020)

Images

Jumpseed (Polygonum virginianum)
Jumpseed (Polygonum virginianum)
Jumpseed (Polygonum virginianum)
Jumpseed (Polygonum virginianum)

Rumex acetosella (Common Sheep Sorrel)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygonaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Sheep Sorrel

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Rumex crispus (Curly Dock)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygonaceae

Notes

Common Name: Curly Dock

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967; 1969-2000; 2007; 2017-2019; 2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

120703016 (Observed: 6/6/2022)

Images

Curly Dock (Rumex crispus)
Curly Dock (Rumex crispus)
Curly Dock (Rumex crispus)
Curly Dock (Rumex crispus)
Curly Dock (Rumex crispus)

Rumex obtusifolius (Bitter Dock)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Polygonaceae

Notes

Common Name: Bitter Dock

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2022

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

120701277 (Observed: 6/7/2022)

Images

Bitter Dock (Rumex obtusifolius)
Bitter Dock (Rumex obtusifolius)
Bitter Dock (Rumex obtusifolius)
Bitter Dock (Rumex obtusifolius)
Bitter Dock (Rumex obtusifolius)

Claytonia virginica (Virginia Springbeauty)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Portulacaceae

Notes

Common Name: Virginia Springbeauty

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007-2008; 2011; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Ants

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

109168079 (Observed: 3/21/2022)

110758999 (Observed: 4/8/2022)

110759100 (Observed: 4/8/2022)

152736434 (Observed: 3/28/2023)

v152736434 (Observed: 3/28/2023)

72392723 (Observed: 3/29/2021)

40103070 (Observed: 3/16/2020)

67765344 (Observed: 1/8/2021)

Images

Virginia Springbeauty (Claytonia virginica)
Virginia Springbeauty (Claytonia virginica)

Anagallis arvensis (Scarlet Pimpernel)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Primulaceae

Notes

Common Name: Scarlet Pimpernel

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Lysimachia arvensis

Years Noted: 2004; 2018; 2022

Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Human Activities; Water

iNaturalist Observations:

122937282 (Observed: 6/21/2022)

Images

Scarlet Pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis)
Scarlet Pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis)
Scarlet Pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis)
Scarlet Pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis)
Scarlet Pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis)

Lysimachia ciliata (Fringed Loosestrife)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Primulaceae

Notes

Common Name: Fringed Loosestrife

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020

Bee Beneficial: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

57690031 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Images

Fringed Loosestrife (Lysimachia ciliata)
Fringed Loosestrife (Lysimachia ciliata)
Fringed Loosestrife (Lysimachia ciliata)

Lysimachia nummularia (Creeping Jenny)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Primulaceae

Notes

Common Name: Creeping Jenny

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020; 2022-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dispersed By: Water

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

106571774 (Observed: 2/11/2022)

45209027 (Observed: 5/7/2020)

50916193 (Observed: 6/25/2020)

Images

Creeping Jenny (Lysimachia nummularia)
Creeping Jenny (Lysimachia nummularia)
Creeping Jenny (Lysimachia nummularia): close up of anthers
Creeping Jenny (Lysimachia nummularia): close-up of flowers
Creeping Jenny (Lysimachia nummularia)

Lysimachia quadrifolia (Whorled Yellow Loosestrife)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Primulaceae

Notes

Common Name: Whorled Yellow Loosestrife

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Chimaphila maculata (Striped Princes Pine)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Pyrolaceae

Notes

Common Name: Striped Prince's Pine

Growth Habit: Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

42659982 (Observed: 6/3/2019)

73155996 (Observed: 4/6/2021)

56966071 (Observed: 8/19/2020)

13713618 (Observed: 6/23/2018)

Images

Striped Prince's Pine (Chimaphila maculata)
Striped Prince's Pine (Chimaphila maculata)
Striped Prince's Pine (Chimaphila maculata)
Striped Prince's Pine (Chimaphila maculata)
Striped Prince's Pine (Chimaphila maculata): close-up of fruits
Striped Prince's Pine (Chimaphila maculata)
Striped Prince's Pine (Chimaphila maculata)

Chimaphila umbellata (Pipsissewa)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Pyrolaceae

Notes

Common Name: Pipsissewa

Growth Habit: Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2013

Pyrola americana (American Wintergreen)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Pyrolaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Wintergreen

Growth Habit: Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Pyrola rotundifolia auct. non L. p.p

Years Noted: 1984; 2007

Pyrola elliptica (Waxflower Shinleaf)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Pyrolaceae

Notes

Common Name: Waxflower Shinleaf

Growth Habit: Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2018

iNaturalist Observations:

164822415 (Observed: 5/31/2023)

Images

Waxflower Shinleaf (Pyrola elliptica)
Waxflower Shinleaf (Pyrola elliptica)
Waxflower Shinleaf (Pyrola elliptica)
Waxflower Shinleaf (Pyrola elliptica)
Waxflower Shinleaf (Pyrola elliptica)
Waxflower Shinleaf (Pyrola elliptica)

Actaea racemosa (Black Cohosh)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ranunculaceae

Notes

Common Names: Black Cohosh; Black Snakeroot; Black Baneberry

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2016-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

42202386 (Observed: 4/14/2020)

51629766 (Observed: 7/1/2020)

Images

Black Baneberry (Actaea racemosa)
Black Baneberry (Actaea racemosa)
Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa): habit
Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa)
Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa)
Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa)
Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa): habit

Anemone quinquefolia (Wood Anemone)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ranunculaceae

Notes

Common Name: Wood Anemone

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2023

Dispersed By: Ants

iNaturalist Observations:

74196932 (Observed: 4/16/2021)

42260768 (Observed: 4/15/2020)

Images

Wood Anemone (Anemone quinquefolia)
Wood Anemone (Anemone quinquefolia): close-up of fruits
Wood Anemone (Anemone quinquefolia)
Wood Anemone (Anemone quinquefolia)
Wood Anemone (Anemone quinquefolia): close-up of leaf

Anemone virginiana (Tall Thimbleweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ranunculaceae

Notes

Common Name: Tall Thimbleweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Consolida ajacis (Rocket Larkspur)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ranunculaceae

Notes

Common Names: Rocket Larkspur; Doubtful Knight's-Spur

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2020

Dispersed By: Human Activities

Deer Resistant: Yes

Notes: Growing along the PECO right-of-way. Possibly planted as a dye plant, or brought in on someone's footwear.

iNaturalist Observations:

51609558 (Observed: 7/1/2020)

Images

Rocket Larkspur (Consolida ajacis)
Rocket Larkspur (Consolida ajacis)
Rocket Larkspur (Consolida ajacis)
Rocket Larkspur (Consolida ajacis)
Rocket Larkspur (Consolida ajacis)
Rocket Larkspur (Consolida ajacis)

Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa (Roundlobe Hepatica)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ranunculaceae

Notes

Common Name: Roundlobe Hepatica

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Anemone americana (DC.) H. Hara; Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker Gawl

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2022

Dispersed By: Ants

iNaturalist Observations:

104421436 (Observed: 10/16/2021)

41791706 (Observed: 4/9/2020)

73155084 (Observed: 4/6/2021)

Images

Roundlobe Hepatica (Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa)
Roundlobe Hepatica (Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa)
Roundlobe Hepatica (Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa)
Roundlobe Hepatica (Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa)
Roundlobe Hepatica (Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa)
Roundlobe Hepatica (Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa)

Hydrastis canadensis (Goldenseal)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ranunculaceae

Notes

Common Name: Goldenseal

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Dispersed By: Bats; Birds

Ranunculus abortivus (Littleleaf Buttercup)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ranunculaceae

Notes

Common Name: Littleleaf Buttercup

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2021

iNaturalist Observations:

113170995 (Observed: 4/27/2022)

77517800 (Observed: 5/5/2021)

Ranunculus bulbosus (Bulbous Buttercup)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ranunculaceae

Notes

Common Names: Bulbous Buttercup; St. Anthony's Turnip

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007-2008; 2017-2018; 2021

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water; Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

78561413 (Observed: 5/12/2021)

Images

Bulbous Buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus)
Bulbous Buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus)
Bulbous Buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus)
Bulbous Buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus)
Bulbous Buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus)
Bulbous Buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus)
Bulbous Buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus)

Ranunculus ficaria (Lesser Celandine)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ranunculaceae

Notes

Common Name: Lesser Celandine

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Years Noted: 1984; 2007-2008; 2010-2011; 2015-2023

Dispersed By: Ants; Human Activities; Water

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

5639816 (Observed: 4/10/2017)

5641443 (Observed: 4/10/2017)

154172799 (Observed: 4/9/2023)

73240161 (Observed: 4/6/2021)

71844609 (Observed: 3/22/2021)

Images

Lesser Celandine (Ranunculus ficaria)
Lesser Celandine (Ranunculus ficaria): dominating a wet slope at the Gordon
Lesser Celandine (Ranunculus ficaria)
Lesser Celandine (Ranunculus ficaria): close-up of flower
Lesser Celandine (Ranunculus ficaria): close-up of anthers and stigmas

Ranunculus hispidus (Bristly Buttercup)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ranunculaceae

Notes

Common Name: Bristly Buttercup

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Ranunculus recurvatus (Blisterwort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ranunculaceae

Notes

Common Name: Blisterwort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2021

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer

iNaturalist Observations:

77879013 (Observed: 5/6/2021)

Images

Blisterwort (Ranunculus recurvatus)
Blisterwort (Ranunculus recurvatus)
Blisterwort (Ranunculus recurvatus)
Blisterwort (Ranunculus recurvatus)
Blisterwort (Ranunculus recurvatus)
Blisterwort (Ranunculus recurvatus)

Ranunculus sceleratus (Cursed Buttercup)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ranunculaceae

Notes

Common Name: Cursed Buttercup

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water

Thalictrum dioicum (Early Meadow-Rue)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ranunculaceae

Notes

Common Name: Early Meadow-Rue

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2017

Thalictrum pubescens (King Of The Meadow)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ranunculaceae

Notes

Common Name: King Of The Meadow

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2020; 2022-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

iNaturalist Observations:

53784601 (Observed: 7/20/2020)

Images

King Of The Meadow (Thalictrum pubescens)
King Of The Meadow (Thalictrum pubescens)
King Of The Meadow (Thalictrum pubescens)
King Of The Meadow (Thalictrum pubescens)
King Of The Meadow (Thalictrum pubescens)
King Of The Meadow (Thalictrum pubescens)
King Of The Meadow (Thalictrum pubescens)

Thalictrum thalictroides (Rue Anemone)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ranunculaceae

Notes

Common Name: Rue Anemone

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Spach

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2011; 2016-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

40996020 (Observed: 3/29/2020)

73156405 (Observed: 4/6/2021)

Images

Rue Anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides)
Rue Anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides)
Rue Anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides)
Rue Anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides)
Rue Anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides)
Rue Anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides)
Rue Anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides)

Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey Tea)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rhamnaceae

Notes

Common Name: New Jersey Tea

Growth Habit: Subshrub, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1978; 1984

Agrimonia gryposepala (Tall Hairy Agrimony)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Tall Hairy Agrimony

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2020; 2022

iNaturalist Observations:

55848238 (Observed: 8/8/2020)

Images

Tall Hairy Agrimony (Agrimonia gryposepala)
Tall Hairy Agrimony (Agrimonia gryposepala): upper surface of leaf
Tall Hairy Agrimony (Agrimonia gryposepala): inflorescence
Tall Hairy Agrimony (Agrimonia gryposepala): close-up of flower

Agrimonia microcarpa (Smallfruit Agrimony)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Smallfruit Agrimony

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2009

Agrimonia parviflora (Harvestlice)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Harvestlice

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2018

Deer Resistant: Yes

Agrimonia pubescens (Soft Agrimony)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Soft Agrimony

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018

Images

Soft Agrimony (Agrimonia pubescens)
Soft Agrimony (Agrimonia pubescens)
Soft Agrimony (Agrimonia pubescens)

Crataegus crus. galli (Cockspur Hawthorn)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Cockspur Hawthorn

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2004

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Crataegus phaenopyrum (Washington Hawthorn)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Washington Hawthorn

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007-2008; 2017-2018

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Duchesnea indica (Indian Strawberry)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Indian Strawberry

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2012; 2016-2024

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

45208513 (Observed: 5/7/2020)

Images

Indian Strawberry (Duchesnea indica)
Indian Strawberry (Duchesnea indica)

Fragaria virginiana (Virginia Strawberry)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Virginia Strawberry

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007-2008; 2011; 2013; 2016-2018

Deer Resistant: Yes

Geum canadense (White Avens)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: White Avens

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2016-2024

iNaturalist Observations:

123847095 (Observed: 6/27/2022)

42062318 (Observed: 4/12/2020)

Images

White Avens (Geum canadense)
White Avens (Geum canadense)
White Avens (Geum canadense)
White Avens (Geum canadense)
White Avens (Geum canadense)
White Avens (Geum canadense)
White Avens (Geum canadense)
White Avens (Geum canadense)
White Avens (Geum canadense)

Malus baccata (Siberian Crabapple)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Siberian Crabapple

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2020; 2022

Notes: A couple of individuals noted in the meadow at the eastern end of the Gordon (Area G1M).

iNaturalist Observations:

158712429 (Observed: 5/1/2023)

62070483 (Observed: 10/8/2020)

Images

Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata): close-up of fruit
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata)
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata)
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata): close-up of bark
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata): upper surface of leaf
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata): lower surface of leaf
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata): close-up of lower surface of leaf
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata): fruits
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata): bases of pedicels

Malus pumila (Paradise Apple)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Paradise Apple

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018; 2021-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

75468048 (Observed: 4/27/2021)

Images

Paradise Apple (Malus pumila)
Paradise Apple (Malus pumila)
Paradise Apple (Malus pumila)
Paradise Apple (Malus pumila)
Paradise Apple (Malus pumila)
Paradise Apple (Malus pumila)

Photinia villosa (Oriental Photinia)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Names: Oriental Photinia; Christmas Berry

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2017

Potentilla canadensis (Dwarf Cinquefoil)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Dwarf Cinquefoil

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007-2008; 2017-2018

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Potentilla norvegica (Norwegian Cinquefoil)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Norwegian Cinquefoil

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Potentilla recta (Sulphur Cinquefoil)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Sulphur Cinquefoil

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Water

Potentilla simplex (Common Cinquefoil)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Cinquefoil

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Prunus avium (Sweet Cherry)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Sweet Cherry

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1970; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory

iNaturalist Observations:

76696563 (Observed: 4/30/2021)

Images

Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)
Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)
Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)
Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)
Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)
Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)
Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)

Prunus serotina (Black Cherry)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Black Cherry

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967; 1970; 1984; 1992; 2002; 2004-2005; 2007-2014; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds

Allelopathic: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

iNaturalist Observations:

156596126 (Observed: 4/25/2023)

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Images

Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
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Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
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Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
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Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
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Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
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Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)

Prunus subhirtella (Winter-flowering Cherry)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Names: Winter-flowering Cherry; Rosebud Cherry

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2011-2012; 2016-2024

iNaturalist Observations:

40669143 (Observed: 3/24/2020)

73236439 (Observed: 4/7/2021)

60652348 (Observed: 9/24/2020)

Images

Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): the tree flowering in early Spring
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): the tree flowering in early Spring
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): close-up of stem
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): close-up of bud
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): close-up of pair of glands on petiole
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): upper surface of leaf
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): underside of leaf
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): : close-up of underside of leaf
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): close-up of edge of leaf and gland-tipped teeth (out of focus)
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): early Fall foliage
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): early Fall foliage
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): early Fall foliage

Pyrus calleryana (Callery Pear)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Callery Pear

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 2007; 2018; 2022-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

110836677 (Observed: 4/8/2022)

Images

Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)

Rhodotypos scandens (Jetbead)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Jetbead

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2016-2020; 2022-2024

iNaturalist Observations:

113170856 (Observed: 4/27/2022)

118573024 (Observed: 5/24/2022)

42202301 (Observed: 4/14/2020)

Images

Jetbead (Rhodotypos scandens)
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Jetbead (Rhodotypos scandens)
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Jetbead (Rhodotypos scandens)
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Jetbead (Rhodotypos scandens)
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Jetbead (Rhodotypos scandens)

Rosa multiflora (Multiflora Rose)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Multiflora Rose

Growth Habit: Vine, Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Years Noted: 1984; 1999; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2013; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; Mammals (non-bat)

iNaturalist Observations:

163180145 (Observed: 5/22/2023)

5641633 (Observed: 4/10/2017)

57564933 (Observed: 5/20/2019)

Images

Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora)
Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora): leaf
Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora): close-up of thorn
Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora): flowers
Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora): close-up of a flower
Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora): close-up of a flower
Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora): underside of leaf

Rosa rubiginosa (Sweetbriar Rose)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Sweetbriar Rose

Growth Habit: Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Rosa wichuraiana (Memorial Rose)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Memorial Rose

Growth Habit: Vine, Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2023

Dispersed By: Birds; Mammals (non-bat)

iNaturalist Observations:

168515292 (Observed: 6/20/2023)

167360493 (Observed: 6/13/2023)

Rubus allegheniensis (Allegheny Blackberry)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Allegheny Blackberry

Growth Habit: Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1965; 1971; 1984; 1999; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

79440208 (Observed: 5/19/2021)

57559248 (Observed: 5/20/2019)

Images

Allegheny Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis)
Allegheny Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis): upper surface of leaf
Allegheny Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis): lower surface of leaf
Allegheny Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis): flower
Allegheny Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis): close-up of flower
Allegheny Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis): close-up of flower
Allegheny Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis): close-up of lower surface of leaf

Rubus flagellaris (Northern Dewberry)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Northern Dewberry

Growth Habit: Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2016-2018; 2021-2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; Mammals (non-bat)

iNaturalist Observations:

80289880 (Observed: 5/25/2021)

78642987 (Observed: 5/13/2021)

Images

Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)
Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)
Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)
Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)
Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)
Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)
Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)
Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)

Rubus occidentalis (Black Raspberry)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Black Raspberry

Growth Habit: Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018; 2020-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer

iNaturalist Observations:

79199279 (Observed: 5/17/2021)

Images

Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)
Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)
Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)
Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)
Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)
Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)
Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)

Rubus odoratus (Purpleflowering Raspberry)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Purpleflowering Raspberry

Growth Habit: Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Mammals (non-bat)

Rubus phoenicolasius (Wineberry)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Names: Wineberry; Wine Raspberry

Growth Habit: Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 1965; 1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2014; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer

iNaturalist Observations:

171467558 (Observed: 7/6/2023)

57569201 (Observed: 5/20/2019)

Images

Wine Raspberry (Rubus phoenicolasius)
Wine Raspberry (Rubus phoenicolasius)
Wine Raspberry (Rubus phoenicolasius)

Rubus recurvicaulis (Arching Dewberry)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Arching Dewberry

Growth Habit: Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2009

Spiraea prunifolia (Bridalwreath Spirea)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rosaceae

Notes

Common Name: Bridalwreath Spirea

Growth Habit: Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2020

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

41775226 (Observed: 4/9/2020)

Images

Bridalwreath Spirea (Spiraea prunifolia)
Bridalwreath Spirea (Spiraea prunifolia)
Bridalwreath Spirea (Spiraea prunifolia)
Bridalwreath Spirea (Spiraea prunifolia): close-up of flower

Galium aparine (Stickywilly)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rubiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Stickywilly

Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1975-1985; 1991; 2007; 2016-2018; 2020-2024

Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat); Water

iNaturalist Observations:

41856750 (Observed: 4/10/2020)

67764919 (Observed: 1/8/2021)

Images

Stickywilly (Galium aparine)
Stickywilly (Galium aparine)
Stickywilly (Galium aparine)

Galium asprellum (Rough Bedstraw)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rubiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Rough Bedstraw

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Galium circaezans (Licorice Bedstraw)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rubiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Licorice Bedstraw

Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2019; 2022

Dispersed By: Ants

Images

Licorice Bedstraw (Galium circaezans)
Licorice Bedstraw (Galium circaezans)

Galium lanceolatum (Lanceleaf Wild Licorice)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rubiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Lanceleaf Wild Licorice

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017

Images

Lanceleaf Wild Licorice (Galium lanceolatum)

Galium mollugo (False Babys Breath)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rubiaceae

Notes

Common Names: False Baby's Breath; Hedge Bedstraw

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018; 2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

Allelopathic: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

120700804 (Observed: 6/7/2022)

Images

False Baby's Breath (Galium mollugo)
False Baby's Breath (Galium mollugo)
False Baby's Breath (Galium mollugo)
False Baby's Breath (Galium mollugo)
False Baby's Breath (Galium mollugo)

Galium pilosum (Hairy Bedstraw)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rubiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Hairy Bedstraw

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Galium tinctorium (Stiff Marsh Bedstraw)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rubiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Stiff Marsh Bedstraw

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2004

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; General Zoochory; Water

Galium triflorum (Fragrant Bedstraw)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rubiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Fragrant Bedstraw

Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory

Images

Fragrant Bedstraw (Galium triflorum)
Fragrant Bedstraw (Galium triflorum)

Houstonia caerulea (Azure Bluet)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rubiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Azure Bluet

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Hedyotis caerulea (L.) Hook

Year Noted: 1984

Mitchella repens (Partridgeberry)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rubiaceae

Notes

Common Name: Partridgeberry

Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2020; 2023-2024

iNaturalist Observations:

13081795 (Observed: 6/3/2018)

174087342 (Observed: 7/20/2023)

Images

Partridgeberry (Mitchella repens)
Partridgeberry (Mitchella repens)

Phellodendron japonicum (Japanese Corktree)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Rutaceae

Notes

Common Name: Japanese Corktree

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Year Noted: 2018

Populus deltoides (Eastern Cottonwood)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Salicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Eastern Cottonwood

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2019-2023

Dispersed By: Water; Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

83678275 (Observed: 6/18/2021)

26066113 (Observed: 5/30/2019)

Images

Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides): trunk
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides): close-up of 'cotton'
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides): close-up of 'cotton'
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides): developing fruits
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides): leaf underside
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides): close-up of the underside of a leaf
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides)

Populus grandidentata (Bigtooth Aspen)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Salicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Bigtooth Aspen

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017

Salix babylonica (Weeping Willow)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Salicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Weeping Willow

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

58991164 (Observed: 9/8/2020)

Images

Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica)
Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica)
Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica)

Salix nigra (Black Willow)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Salicaceae

Notes

Common Name: Black Willow

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2013; 2016-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Dispersed By: Water; Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Black Willow (Salix nigra)
Black Willow (Salix nigra)
Black Willow (Salix nigra)
Black Willow (Salix nigra)
Black Willow (Salix nigra)

Koelreuteria paniculata (Goldenrain Tree)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Sapindaceae

Notes

Common Name: Goldenrain Tree

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Watch List — "Exotic plant species that are severe problems in surrounding states but have not been widely reported in Pennsylvania, OR may naturalize and become a problem in the future and require more monitoring."

Years Noted: 2016-2019; 2021-2022

Dispersed By: Dispersal Unassisted

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

83937535 (Observed: 6/21/2021)

Images

Goldenrain Tree (Koelreuteria paniculata)
Goldenrain Tree (Koelreuteria paniculata)

Chrysosplenium americanum (American Golden Saxifrage)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Saxifragaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Golden Saxifrage

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Heuchera americana (American Alumroot)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Saxifragaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Alumroot

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018

Saxifraga virginiensis (Early Saxifrage)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Saxifragaceae

Notes

Common Name: Early Saxifrage

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2008

Chelone glabra (White Turtlehead)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Notes

Common Name: White Turtlehead

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018; 2022

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

135813491 (Observed: 9/20/2022)

Images

White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra)
White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra)
White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra)
White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra)
White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra)
White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra)

Linaria vulgaris (Butter and Eggs)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Notes

Common Name: Butter and Eggs

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

Mimulus ringens (Allegheny Monkeyflower)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Notes

Common Name: Allegheny Monkeyflower

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

174670651 (Observed: 7/21/2023)

88176580 (Observed: 7/22/2021)

53781737 (Observed: 7/20/2020)

Images

Allegheny Monkeyflower (Mimulus ringens)
Allegheny Monkeyflower (Mimulus ringens)
Allegheny Monkeyflower (Mimulus ringens)
Allegheny Monkeyflower (Mimulus ringens)
Allegheny Monkeyflower (Mimulus ringens)
Allegheny Monkeyflower (Mimulus ringens)
Allegheny Monkeyflower (Mimulus ringens)

Paulownia tomentosa (Princesstree)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Notes

Common Name: Princesstree

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 1970; 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2013; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

74772120 (Observed: 4/21/2021)

50919387 (Observed: 6/25/2020)

Images

Princesstree (Paulownia tomentosa): root sucker
Princesstree (Paulownia tomentosa): close-up of leaf on root sucker
Princesstree (Paulownia tomentosa): underside of leaf and fruits
Princesstree (Paulownia tomentosa): close-up of fruit
Princesstree (Paulownia tomentosa): trunk

Penstemon digitalis (Foxglove Beardtongue)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Notes

Common Names: Foxglove Beardtongue; Talus Slope Penstemon

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2016; 2020-2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015

iNaturalist Observations:

81624319 (Observed: 6/4/2021)

59733784 (Observed: 9/15/2020)

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Images

Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis)
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis): close-up of leaves and stem
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis)
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis): upper surface of leaf
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis): lower surface of leaf
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis): close-up of base of infructescence
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis): infructescence
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis): close-up of infructescence
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis)
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis)
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis)
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis)

Scrophularia marilandica (Carpenters Square)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Notes

Common Name: Carpenter's Square

Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017

Verbascum blattaria (Moth Mullein)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Notes

Common Name: Moth Mullein

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2017; 2022

Dispersed By: Human Activities

iNaturalist Observations:

121748358 (Observed: 6/14/2022)

Images

Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria)
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Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria)
Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria)
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Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria)
Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria)
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Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria)
Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria)

Verbascum thapsus (Common Mullein)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Mullein

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Human Activities; Water; Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

38831475 (Observed: 1/31/2020)

Veronica americana (American Speedwell)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Speedwell

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Veronica arvensis (Corn Speedwell)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Notes

Common Name: Corn Speedwell

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018; 2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water

iNaturalist Observations:

167035345 (Observed: 6/12/2023)

Veronica hederifolia (Ivyleaf Speedwell)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Notes

Common Name: Ivyleaf Speedwell

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2021; 2023-2024

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

iNaturalist Observations:

203092907 (Observed: 3/18/2024)

72389660 (Observed: 3/29/2021)

Images

Ivyleaf Speedwell (Veronica hederifolia)
Ivyleaf Speedwell (Veronica hederifolia)
Ivyleaf Speedwell (Veronica hederifolia)
Ivyleaf Speedwell (Veronica hederifolia)

Veronica officinalis (Common Gypsyweed)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Gypsyweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Water; Wind

Veronica peregrina (Neckweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Notes

Common Name: Neckweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water

Veronica persica (Birdeye Speedwell)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Notes

Common Name: Birdeye Speedwell

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017; 2021

Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

77248772 (Observed: 5/3/2021)

Images

Birdeye Speedwell (Veronica persica)
Birdeye Speedwell (Veronica persica)
Birdeye Speedwell (Veronica persica)
Birdeye Speedwell (Veronica persica)
Birdeye Speedwell (Veronica persica)

Veronica serpyllifolia (Thymeleaf Speedwell)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Notes

Common Name: Thymeleaf Speedwell

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Undetermined

Years Noted: 2017-2018; 2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

iNaturalist Observations:

115343363 (Observed: 5/3/2022)

Images

Thymeleaf Speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia)
Thymeleaf Speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia)
Thymeleaf Speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia)
Thymeleaf Speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia)

Veronicastrum virginicum (Culvers Root)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Scrophulariaceae

Notes

Common Name: Culver's Root

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a); Monarch Nectar Value: High (NRCS 2018b)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.

Ailanthus altissima (Tree Of Heaven)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Simaroubaceae

Notes

Common Name: Tree Of Heaven

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Years Noted: 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2010; 2013-2014; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Tree Of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima): seedling
Tree Of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima): emerging leaves

Physalis heterophylla (Clammy Groundcherry)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Solanaceae

Notes

Common Name: Clammy Groundcherry

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007

Physalis longifolia (Longleaf Groundcherry)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Solanaceae

Notes

Common Name: Longleaf Groundcherry

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Physalis subglabrata Mack. & Bush

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018

Solanum carolinense (Carolina Horsenettle)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Solanaceae

Notes

Common Name: Carolina Horsenettle

Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967; 1969-2000; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2018-2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer

iNaturalist Observations:

128032747 (Observed: 7/26/2022)

84999537 (Observed: 6/25/2021)

32184107 (Observed: 9/5/2019)

52497570 (Observed: 7/9/2020)

61428881 (Observed: 10/1/2020)

Images

Carolina Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)
Carolina Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)
Carolina Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)
Carolina Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)
Carolina Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)

Solanum dulcamara (Climbing Nightshade)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Solanaceae

Notes

Common Names: Climbing Nightshade; Bittersweet Nightshade

Growth Habit: Subshrub, Vine, Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017; 2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Mammals (non-bat); Water

Allelopathic: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

126376982 (Observed: 7/15/2022)

Images

Climbing Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)
Climbing Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)
Climbing Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)
Climbing Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)
Climbing Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)

Solanum nigrum (Black Nightshade)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Solanaceae

Notes

Common Name: Black Nightshade

Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory)

Staphylea trifolia (American Bladdernut)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Staphyleaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Bladdernut

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

American Bladdernut (Staphylea trifolia)

Tilia americana (American Basswood)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Tiliaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Basswood

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2009; 2013; 2016-2020; 2023-2024

Dispersed By: Animals; Mammals (non-bat); Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

61781757 (Observed: 10/1/2020)

104421432 (Observed: 10/16/2021)

157253485 (Observed: 4/28/2023)

46770008 (Observed: 5/21/2020)

Images

American Basswood (Tilia americana)
American Basswood (Tilia americana)
American Basswood (Tilia americana)
American Basswood (Tilia americana): close-up of bud and leaf scar
American Basswood (Tilia americana): close-up of bud and leaf scar
American Basswood (Tilia americana)

Celtis occidentalis (Common Hackberry)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ulmaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Hackberry

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018-2020; 2023

Dispersed By: Birds

Allelopathic: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

159639872 (Observed: 5/3/2023)

Images

Common Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
Common Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
Common Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis): close-up of underside of leaf
Common Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis): close-up of upper surface of leaf
Common Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis): close-up of fruit

Ulmus pumila (Siberian Elm)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ulmaceae

Notes

Common Name: Siberian Elm

Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Watch List — "Exotic plant species that are severe problems in surrounding states but have not been widely reported in Pennsylvania, OR may naturalize and become a problem in the future and require more monitoring."

Years Noted: 1990; 2020-2022

Dispersed By: Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

183748168 (Observed: 8/31/2023)

46527782 (Observed: 5/18/2020)

Images

Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)

Ulmus rubra (Slippery Elm)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Ulmaceae

Notes

Common Name: Slippery Elm

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2013-2014; 2017-2022

Dispersed By: Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)

Boehmeria cylindrica (Smallspike False Nettle)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Urticaceae

Notes

Common Name: Smallspike False Nettle

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2022

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

iNaturalist Observations:

136842896 (Observed: 9/28/2022)

Images

Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)

Laportea canadensis (Canadian Woodnettle)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Urticaceae

Notes

Common Name: Canadian Woodnettle

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2014; 2017-2020; 2022-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

55849615 (Observed: 8/8/2020)

59369264 (Observed: 9/12/2020)

Images

Canadian Woodnettle (Laportea canadensis)
Canadian Woodnettle (Laportea canadensis)
Canadian Woodnettle (Laportea canadensis)
Canadian Woodnettle (Laportea canadensis)
Canadian Woodnettle (Laportea canadensis)
Canadian Woodnettle (Laportea canadensis)
Canadian Woodnettle (Laportea canadensis)

Pilea fontana (Lesser Clearweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Urticaceae

Notes

Common Name: Lesser Clearweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2022

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

iNaturalist Observations:

137052105 (Observed: 9/30/2022)

Images

Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)

Pilea pumila (Canadian Clearweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Urticaceae

Notes

Common Name: Canadian Clearweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 1997; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018; 2022

iNaturalist Observations:

104421435 (Observed: 10/16/2021)

136841239 (Observed: 9/28/2022)

Urtica dioica (Stinging Nettle)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Urticaceae

Notes

Common Name: Stinging Nettle

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Undetermined

Years Noted: 2017; 2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

136842229 (Observed: 9/28/2022)

Images

Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica)
Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica)
Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica)

Phryma leptostachya (American Lopseed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Verbenaceae

Notes

Common Name: American Lopseed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2018; 2020

iNaturalist Observations:

53099990 (Observed: 7/14/2020)

Images

American Lopseed (Phryma leptostachya)
American Lopseed (Phryma leptostachya)
American Lopseed (Phryma leptostachya)

Verbena hastata (Swamp Verbena)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Verbenaceae

Notes

Common Name: Swamp Verbena

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2022-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)

Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015

iNaturalist Observations:

132030336 (Observed: 8/23/2022)

Monarch Butterfly References

Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.

Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.

Images

Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)

Verbena urticifolia (White Vervain)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Verbenaceae

Notes

Common Name: White Vervain

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2020-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

57722727 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Images

White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia)
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia)
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia): close-up of fruits
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia): close-up of stem
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia): close-up of leaf bases
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia): upper surface of leaf
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia): under surface of leaf
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia): close-up of under surface of leaf
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia): close-up of inflorescence
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia): close-up of flower

Viola affinis (Sand Violet)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Violaceae

Notes

Common Name: Sand Violet

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Viola cucullata (Marsh Blue Violet)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Violaceae

Notes

Common Name: Marsh Blue Violet

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2018; 2021

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Dispersed By: Ants

iNaturalist Observations:

77510343 (Observed: 5/5/2021)

Images

Marsh Blue Violet (Viola cucullata): inflorescence
Marsh Blue Violet (Viola cucullata): inflorescence
Marsh Blue Violet (Viola cucullata): inflorescence
Marsh Blue Violet (Viola cucullata)

Viola hirsutula (Southern Woodland Violet)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Violaceae

Notes

Common Name: Southern Woodland Violet

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2017

Images

Southern Woodland Violet (Viola hirsutula)

Viola labradorica (Alpine Violet)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Violaceae

Notes

Common Name: Alpine Violet

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Viola conspersa Rchb

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017

Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula (Downy Yellow Violet)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Violaceae

Notes

Common Name: Downy Yellow Violet

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Viola pensylvanica Michx

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2016-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

42279452 (Observed: 4/15/2020)

Images

Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula)
Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula): fruit
Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula)
Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula): upper surface of leaf
Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula): lower surface of leaf
Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula): close-up of lower surface of leaf
Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula): inflorescence
Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula): close-up of inflorescence

Viola sororia (Common Blue Violet)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Violaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Blue Violet

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2017-2018; 2020-2023

Dispersed By: Ants

Deer Resistant: Yes

Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers

iNaturalist Observations:

41792778 (Observed: 4/9/2020)

74678888 (Observed: 4/19/2021)

Monarch Butterfly References

Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.

Images

Common Blue Violet (Viola sororia)
Common Blue Violet (Viola sororia): inflorescence
Common Blue Violet (Viola sororia): underside of leaf
Common Blue Violet (Viola sororia): inflorescence
Common Blue Violet (Viola sororia): upper surface of leaf

Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Amur Peppervine)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Vitaceae

Notes

Common Names: Amur Peppervine; Porcelainberry

Growth Habit: Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Synonyms: Ampelopsis glandulosa (as per iNaturalist)

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2016-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

93388288 (Observed: 9/2/2021)

52514950 (Observed: 7/9/2020)

57730697 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Images

Amur Peppervine (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata)
Amur Peppervine (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata)
Amur Peppervine (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata)
Amur Peppervine (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata)
Amur Peppervine (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata)

Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia Creeper)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Vitaceae

Notes

Common Name: Virginia Creeper

Growth Habit: Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2013; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat)

Deer Resistant: Yes

Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Boston Ivy)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Vitaceae

Notes

Common Name: Boston Ivy

Growth Habit: Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2020

Dispersed By: Animals; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat)

iNaturalist Observations:

46429823 (Observed: 5/18/2020)

Images

Boston Ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata)
Boston Ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata)
Boston Ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata)
Boston Ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata)
Boston Ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata)

Vitis aestivalis (Summer Grape)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Vitaceae

Notes

Common Name: Summer Grape

Growth Habit: Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018

Vitis labrusca (Fox Grape)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Vitaceae

Notes

Common Name: Fox Grape

Growth Habit: Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018; 2020

Vitis vulpina (Frost Grape)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots

Family: Vitaceae

Notes

Common Name: Frost Grape

Growth Habit: Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2017-2018

Images

Frost Grape (Vitis vulpina)
Frost Grape (Vitis vulpina)
Frost Grape (Vitis vulpina)
Frost Grape (Vitis vulpina)
Frost Grape (Vitis vulpina)

Sagittaria australis (Longbeak Arrowhead)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Alismataceae

Notes

Common Name: Longbeak Arrowhead

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2020; 2022

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

iNaturalist Observations:

58990963 (Observed: 9/8/2020)

Images

Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis): being 'visited' by an Eastern Calligrapher (Toxomerus geminatus)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis): infructescence.  Note the 'boat-shaped' bracts beneath the upppermost group of fruits
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis): close-up of fruit. Note the straight 'necks' on the achenes
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis): close-up of fruit. Note the straight 'necks' on the achenes

Sagittaria latifolia (Broadleaf Arrowhead)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Alismataceae

Notes

Common Name: Broadleaf Arrowhead

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017; 2020-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Bee Beneficial: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

88379744 (Observed: 7/23/2021)

59565912 (Observed: 7/20/2020)

Images

Broadleaf Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia)
Broadleaf Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia)
Broadleaf Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia)
Broadleaf Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia): being 'visited' by an Eastern Calligrapher (Toxomerus geminatus)
Broadleaf Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia)

Arisaema triphyllum (Jack In The Pulpit)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Araceae

Notes

Common Name: Jack In The Pulpit

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2013; 2015-2023

Dispersed By: Birds

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

113170734 (Observed: 4/27/2022)

113170794 (Observed: 4/27/2022)

113170819 (Observed: 4/27/2022)

113170942 (Observed: 4/27/2022)

75468483 (Observed: 4/27/2021)

74365537 (Observed: 4/17/2021)

57723128 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Images

Jack In The Pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum)
Jack In The Pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum)
Jack In The Pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum)
Jack In The Pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum): close-up of fruits

Arum italicum (Italian Lords And Ladies)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Araceae

Notes

Common Name: Italian Lords And Ladies

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2019; 2021-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

79203435 (Observed: 5/17/2021)

68068967 (Observed: 1/14/2021)

Images

Italian Lords And Ladies (Arum italicum)
Italian Lords And Ladies (Arum italicum)
Italian Lords And Ladies (Arum italicum)

Symplocarpus foetidus (Skunk Cabbage)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Araceae

Notes

Common Name: Skunk Cabbage

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2013; 2015-2024

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

174975812 (Observed: 7/25/2023)

110758737 (Observed: 4/8/2022)

135114183 (Observed: 9/14/2022)

106748107 (Observed: 2/11/2022)

79279575 (Observed: 5/18/2021)

70519114 (Observed: 3/3/2021)

70339772 (Observed: 2/28/2021)

Images

Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)
Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)
Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)
Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)
Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)

Commelina communis (Asiatic Dayflower)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Commelinaceae

Notes

Common Name: Asiatic Dayflower

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

90816063 (Observed: 8/6/2021)

88868178 (Observed: 7/27/2021)

55824718 (Observed: 8/8/2020)

Images

Asiatic Dayflower (Commelina communis)
Asiatic Dayflower (Commelina communis)
Asiatic Dayflower (Commelina communis)

Carex aggregata (Glomerate Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Glomerate Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017; 2022

iNaturalist Observations:

124152459 (Observed: 6/27/2022)

Images

Glomerate Sedge (Carex aggregata)
Glomerate Sedge (Carex aggregata)
Glomerate Sedge (Carex aggregata)
Glomerate Sedge (Carex aggregata)
Glomerate Sedge (Carex aggregata)

Carex albicans (Whitetinge Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Whitetinge Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017

Carex amphibola (Eastern Narrowleaf Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Eastern Narrowleaf Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018

iNaturalist Observations:

123115991 (Observed: 6/4/2017)

57817597 (Observed: 5/16/2019)

Images

Eastern Narrowleaf Sedge (Carex amphibola)

Carex annectens (Yellowfruit Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Yellowfruit Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Carex blanda (Eastern Woodland Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Eastern Woodland Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2019; 2022-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

160725249 (Observed: 5/8/2023)

119781632 (Observed: 6/1/2022)

57817019 (Observed: 5/16/2019)

Images

Eastern Woodland Sedge (Carex blanda)
Eastern Woodland Sedge (Carex blanda)
Eastern Woodland Sedge (Carex blanda): close-up of inflorescence
Eastern Woodland Sedge (Carex blanda): close-up of leaf and inflorescence

Carex bromoides (Brome-like Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Brome-like Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Carex caroliniana (Carolina Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Carolina Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Carex cephalophora (Oval-leaf Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Oval-leaf Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018

Images

Oval-leaf Sedge (Carex cephalophora)
Oval-leaf Sedge (Carex cephalophora)

Carex davisii (Davis Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Davis' Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2022

iNaturalist Observations:

122943847 (Observed: 6/17/2022)

Images

Davis' Sedge (Carex davisii): habit
Davis' Sedge (Carex davisii): close-up of stem
Davis' Sedge (Carex davisii): close-up of sheath
Davis' Sedge (Carex davisii): inflorescence
Davis' Sedge (Carex davisii): inflorescence
Davis' Sedge (Carex davisii): inflorescence
Davis' Sedge (Carex davisii): close-up of inflorescence

Carex debilis (Weak Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Names: Weak Sedge; White Edge Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Carex digitalis (Slender Woodland Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Slender Woodland Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2016-2018

Carex frankii (Franks Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Frank's Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Carex glaucodea (Blue Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Blue Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Carex gracilescens (Slender Looseflower Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Slender Looseflower Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017

Carex gracillima (Graceful Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Graceful Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018

Carex hirsutella (Fuzzy Wuzzy Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Fuzzy Wuzzy Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Carex hirtifolia (Pubescent Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Pubescent Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2019

iNaturalist Observations:

57798369 (Observed: 5/16/2019)

Images

Pubescent Sedge (Carex hirtifolia)
Pubescent Sedge (Carex hirtifolia)
Pubescent Sedge (Carex hirtifolia)
Pubescent Sedge (Carex hirtifolia)
Pubescent Sedge (Carex hirtifolia)

Carex laevivaginata (Smoothsheath Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Smoothsheath Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Carex laxiculmis (Spreading Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Spreading Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2016-2018

Dispersed By: Ants

Images

Spreading Sedge (Carex laxiculmis)
Spreading Sedge (Carex laxiculmis)
Spreading Sedge (Carex laxiculmis)
Spreading Sedge (Carex laxiculmis)

Carex laxiflora (Broad Looseflower Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Broad Looseflower Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018; 2021-2022

Dispersed By: Ants

iNaturalist Observations:

77735574 (Observed: 5/6/2021)

Carex lurida (Shallow Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Shallow Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2022

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

iNaturalist Observations:

80280451 (Observed: 5/25/2021)

50923451 (Observed: 6/25/2020)

57578260 (Observed: 5/16/2019)

Images

Shallow Sedge (Carex lurida)
Shallow Sedge (Carex lurida)
Shallow Sedge (Carex lurida)
Shallow Sedge (Carex lurida): female spike
Shallow Sedge (Carex lurida): close-up of male spike
Shallow Sedge (Carex lurida)
Shallow Sedge (Carex lurida)

Carex mesochorea (Midland Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Midland Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017

Carex normalis (Greater Straw Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Greater Straw Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2009; 2018

Carex pensylvanica (Pennsylvania Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Pennsylvania Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Ants

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

77735084 (Observed: 5/6/2021)

Images

Pennsylvania Sedge (Carex pensylvanica)
Pennsylvania Sedge (Carex pensylvanica)

Carex prasina (Drooping Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Drooping Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Carex radiata (Eastern Star Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Eastern Star Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2021-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

78293534 (Observed: 5/10/2021)

Images

Eastern Star Sedge (Carex radiata)
Eastern Star Sedge (Carex radiata)

Carex rosea (Rosy Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Rosy Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018

Images

Rosy Sedge (Carex rosea)
Rosy Sedge (Carex rosea)

Carex scoparia (Broom Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Broom Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2016; 2018; 2022

iNaturalist Observations:

120709052 (Observed: 6/6/2022)

Images

Broom Sedge (Carex scoparia)
Broom Sedge (Carex scoparia)
Broom Sedge (Carex scoparia)
Broom Sedge (Carex scoparia)
Broom Sedge (Carex scoparia)
Broom Sedge (Carex scoparia)

Carex sparganioides (Bur-reed Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Bur-reed Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017

Carex spicata (Prickly Sedge)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Prickly Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2004

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water

Carex stipata (Awl-fruited Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Names: Awl-fruited Sedge; Prickly Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2019

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

57575137 (Observed: 5/16/2019)

Images

Awl-fruited Sedge (Carex stipata)
Awl-fruited Sedge (Carex stipata): close-up of inflorescence
Awl-fruited Sedge (Carex stipata): close-up of inflorescence
Awl-fruited Sedge (Carex stipata): close-up of inflorescence

Carex striatula (Lined Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Lined Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Ants

Carex stricta (Tussock Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Names: Tussock Sedge; Upright Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017; 2019-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

78280209 (Observed: 5/10/2021)

Images

Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)

Carex swanii (Swans Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Swan's Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018

Images

Swan's Sedge (Carex swanii)
Swan's Sedge (Carex swanii)

Carex tribuloides (Blunt Broom Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Blunt Broom Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018; 2021

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

iNaturalist Observations:

123124229 (Observed: 5/6/2021)

Images

Blunt Broom Sedge (Carex tribuloides)
Blunt Broom Sedge (Carex tribuloides)
Blunt Broom Sedge (Carex tribuloides)
Blunt Broom Sedge (Carex tribuloides)
Blunt Broom Sedge (Carex tribuloides)
Blunt Broom Sedge (Carex tribuloides)

Carex vulpinoidea (Fox Sedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Fox Sedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2009; 2016-2018

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Fox Sedge (Carex vulpinoidea)
Fox Sedge (Carex vulpinoidea)

Cyperus esculentus (Yellow Nutsedge)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Yellow Nutsedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Undetermined

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Human Activities; Water

Cyperus squarrosus (Bearded Flatsedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Bearded Flatsedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Cyperus strigosus (Straw-colored Flatsedge)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Straw-colored Flatsedge

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018-2021; 2023

iNaturalist Observations:

88867085 (Observed: 7/27/2021)

32184310 (Observed: 9/5/2019)

32184765 (Observed: 9/5/2019)

57180465 (Observed: 8/20/2020)

Images

Straw-colored Flatsedge (Cyperus strigosus)
Straw-colored Flatsedge (Cyperus strigosus)
Straw-colored Flatsedge (Cyperus strigosus): close-up of inflorescence
Straw-colored Flatsedge (Cyperus strigosus): close-up of inflorescence
Straw-colored Flatsedge (Cyperus strigosus): close-up of flowers

Eleocharis erythropoda (Bald Spikerush)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Bald Spikerush

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Eleocharis obtusa (Blunt Spikerush)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Blunt Spikerush

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2021-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

iNaturalist Observations:

83942063 (Observed: 6/21/2021)

95090726 (Observed: 9/16/2021)

Images

Blunt Spikerush (Eleocharis obtusa)
Blunt Spikerush (Eleocharis obtusa): inflorescence
Blunt Spikerush (Eleocharis obtusa): close-up of a mature achene
Blunt Spikerush (Eleocharis obtusa)): close-up of an immature achene

Eleocharis tenuis (Slender Spikerush)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Slender Spikerush

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017; 2019-2021

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

iNaturalist Observations:

78296168 (Observed: 5/10/2021)

45921487 (Observed: 5/14/2020)

Images

Slender Spikerush (Eleocharis tenuis): close-up of fruiting head
Slender Spikerush (Eleocharis tenuis)
Slender Spikerush (Eleocharis tenuis)
Slender Spikerush (Eleocharis tenuis): close-up of inflorescence
Slender Spikerush (Eleocharis tenuis): close-up of inflorescence

Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (Softstem Bulrush)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Softstem Bulrush

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2018; 2021-2023

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Softstem Bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani)
Softstem Bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani)
Softstem Bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani): close-up of a spikelet
Softstem Bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani): close-up of a older spikelet with a developing achene at the bottom of the spikelet

Scirpus cyperinus (Woolgrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Woolgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017; 2019-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Dispersed By: Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

95091542 (Observed: 9/16/2021)

88308016 (Observed: 7/23/2021)

53842687 (Observed: 7/20/2020)

Images

Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus)
Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus)
Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus): young inflorescence
Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus): young inflorescence
Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus): young inflorescence
Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus): young inflorescence

Scirpus georgianus (Georgia Bulrush)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Georgia Bulrush

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2016; 2018; 2020-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

iNaturalist Observations:

83181958 (Observed: 6/14/2021)

52796987 (Observed: 7/9/2020)

Images

Georgia Bulrush (Scirpus georgianus)
Georgia Bulrush (Scirpus georgianus)
Georgia Bulrush (Scirpus georgianus)
Georgia Bulrush (Scirpus georgianus)
Georgia Bulrush (Scirpus georgianus)
Georgia Bulrush (Scirpus georgianus)
Georgia Bulrush (Scirpus georgianus)

Scirpus pendulus (Rufous Bulrush)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Rufous Bulrush

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

iNaturalist Observations:

83942320 (Observed: 6/21/2021)

Scirpus polyphyllus (Leafy Bulrush)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Cyperaceae

Notes

Common Name: Leafy Bulrush

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dioscorea villosa (Wild Yam)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Dioscoreaceae

Notes

Common Name: Wild Yam

Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2020

iNaturalist Observations:

57564559 (Observed: 5/20/2019)

Images

Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa): fruits in the winter
Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa): fruits in the winter
Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa)
Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa): leaf upper surface
Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa): close-up of leaf base
Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa): leaf lower surface

Elodea nuttallii (Canadian Waterweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Hydrocharitaceae

Notes

Common Name: Canadian Waterweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1983-1984

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory

Sisyrinchium angustifolium (Narrowleaf Blue-eyed Grass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Iridaceae

Notes

Common Name: Narrowleaf Blue-eyed Grass

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2018; 2021-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

118453617 (Observed: 5/23/2022)

79577436 (Observed: 5/20/2021)

Images

Narrowleaf Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium)
Narrowleaf Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium): close-up of flower
Narrowleaf Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium): close-up of flower
Narrowleaf Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium): habit

Juncus effusus (Common Rush)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Juncaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Rush

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2016-2024

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

119771697 (Observed: 6/1/2022)

52517392 (Observed: 7/9/2020)

Images

Common Rush (Juncus effusus)
Common Rush (Juncus effusus)
Common Rush (Juncus effusus)
Common Rush (Juncus effusus)
Common Rush (Juncus effusus)
Common Rush (Juncus effusus)

Juncus secundus (Lopsided Rush)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Juncaceae

Notes

Common Name: Lopsided Rush

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Juncus tenuis (Poverty Rush)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Juncaceae

Notes

Common Names: Poverty Rush; Slender Path Rush

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2016-2018; 2020; 2022-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities

iNaturalist Observations:

53833288 (Observed: 7/20/2020)

Images

Poverty Rush (Juncus tenuis)
Poverty Rush (Juncus tenuis)
Poverty Rush (Juncus tenuis)
Poverty Rush (Juncus tenuis)
Poverty Rush (Juncus tenuis)

Luzula echinata (Hedgehog Woodrush)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Juncaceae

Notes

Common Name: Hedgehog Woodrush

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Ants

iNaturalist Observations:

41191803 (Observed: 4/26/2019)

Lemna minor (Common Duckweed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Lemnaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Duckweed

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2024

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); Birds; General Zoochory; Water

iNaturalist Observations:

144416880 (Observed: 12/14/2022)

57797142 (Observed: 5/16/2019)

70520144 (Observed: 3/3/2021)

Images

Common Duckweed (Lemna minor)
Common Duckweed (Lemna minor)
Common Duckweed (Lemna minor): underside of leaf

Allium tricoccum (Ramp)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Ramp

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2011; 2017-2023

Dispersed By: Birds

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

72392176 (Observed: 3/29/2021)

56962639 (Observed: 8/19/2020)

Images

Ramp (Allium tricoccum)
Ramp (Allium tricoccum)
Ramp (Allium tricoccum)
Ramp (Allium tricoccum)
Ramp (Allium tricoccum)
Ramp (Allium tricoccum): close-up of infructescence
Ramp (Allium tricoccum): close-up of fruit
Ramp (Allium tricoccum)
Ramp (Allium tricoccum)): close-up of inflorescence
Ramp (Allium tricoccum)): close-up of flower

Allium vineale (Wild Garlic)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Names: Wild Garlic; Field Garlic

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967; 1969-2000; 2004; 2007-2009; 2011-2012; 2016-2024

Dispersed By: Water

iNaturalist Observations:

162176629 (Observed: 5/2/2023)

83175998 (Observed: 6/15/2021)

50915486 (Observed: 6/25/2020)

61938763 (Observed: 10/6/2020)

Images

Wild Garlic (Allium vineale)
Wild Garlic (Allium vineale)
Wild Garlic (Allium vineale)
Wild Garlic (Allium vineale)
Wild Garlic (Allium vineale)

Asparagus officinalis (Garden Asparagus)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Garden Asparagus

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Water

Deer Resistant: Yes

Erythronium americanum (Yellow Trout Lily)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Yellow Trout Lily

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2013; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Ants

iNaturalist Observations:

110758895 (Observed: 4/8/2022)

110758938 (Observed: 4/8/2022)

110759126 (Observed: 4/8/2022)

152650599 (Observed: 3/28/2023)

41792128 (Observed: 4/9/2020)

74678582 (Observed: 4/19/2021)

72773411 (Observed: 4/2/2021)

Images

Yellow Trout Lily (Erythronium americanum)
Yellow Trout Lily (Erythronium americanum)
Yellow Trout Lily (Erythronium americanum)
Yellow Trout Lily (Erythronium americanum)

Galanthus nivalis (Common Snowdrop)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Snowdrop

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2022-2023

Dispersed By: Ants

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

107836720 (Observed: 3/3/2022)

Images

Common Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis)
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Common Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis)
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Common Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis)
Common Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis)
loading image
Common Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis)
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Hemerocallis fulva (Orange Daylily)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Orange Daylily

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017; 2021-2023

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities

iNaturalist Observations:

73146646 (Observed: 4/6/2021)

Images

Orange Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva)
Orange Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva)
Orange Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva): flower
Orange Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva): floral buds
Orange Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva): close-up of flower

Hosta ventricosa (Blue Plantain Lily)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Blue Plantain Lily

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018

Images

Blue Plantain Lily (Hosta ventricosa)
Blue Plantain Lily (Hosta ventricosa)

Hypoxis hirsuta (Common Goldstar)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Goldstar

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Lilium canadense (Canada Lily)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Canada Lily

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018

Images

Canada Lily (Lilium canadense)

Liriope muscari (Big Blue Lilyturf)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Big Blue Lilyturf

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2017-2018

Allelopathic: Yes

Maianthemum racemosum (False Solomons Seal)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Names: False Solomon's Seal; Feathery False Lily Of The Valley; Solomon's Plume

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2018; 2021-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

113171025 (Observed: 4/27/2022)

113171180 (Observed: 4/27/2022)

92392495 (Observed: 8/24/2021)

79315897 (Observed: 5/13/2021)

Images

Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum)
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum)
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum): fruits
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum): fruits
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum): close-up of fruits
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum): habit
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum): inflorescence
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum): close-up of inflorescence
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum): close-up of flower

Medeola virginiana (Indian Cucumber)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Indian Cucumber

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018

Muscari botryoides (Common Grape Hyacinth)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Grape Hyacinth

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2017; 2019; 2022

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory)

Narcissus pseudonarcissus (Daffodil)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Daffodil

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007-2008; 2016-2024

iNaturalist Observations:

107765501 (Observed: 3/1/2022)

40103348 (Observed: 3/16/2020)

73240323 (Observed: 4/6/2021)

Images

Daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus)
Daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus)

Ornithogalum umbellatum (Garden Star-of-Bethlehem)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Names: Garden Star-of-Bethlehem; Sleepydick

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007-2008; 2017-2019

Dispersed By: Ants

Images

Garden Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum)
Garden Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum)
Garden Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum)
Garden Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum)): close-up of flower
Garden Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum): close-up of developing fruits

Polygonatum biflorum (Smooth Solomons Seal)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Smooth Solomon's Seal

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Smooth Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum biflorum)

Polygonatum pubescens (Hairy Solomons Seal)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Hairy Solomon's Seal

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2021-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

131882277 (Observed: 5/6/2022)

77670073 (Observed: 5/6/2021)

74365751 (Observed: 4/17/2021)

Images

Hairy Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum pubescens)
Hairy Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum pubescens)
Hairy Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum pubescens)
Hairy Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum pubescens)
Hairy Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum pubescens)

Scilla siberica (Siberian Squill)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Siberian Squill

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2008; 2022-2023

Dispersed By: Ants

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

110759030 (Observed: 4/8/2022)

111224212 (Observed: 4/12/2022)

Images

Siberian Squill (Scilla siberica)
Siberian Squill (Scilla siberica)
Siberian Squill (Scilla siberica)

Trillium cernuum (Nodding Trillium)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Names: Nodding Trillium; Whip-Poor-Will Flower

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Ants

iNaturalist Observations:

69818589 (Observed: 5/9/2018)

41857011 (Observed: 4/10/2020)

Images

Whip-Poor-Will Flower (Trillium cernuum)
Whip-Poor-Will Flower (Trillium cernuum)
Whip-Poor-Will Flower (Trillium cernuum)

Uvularia perfoliata (Perfoliate Bellwort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Perfoliate Bellwort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2013; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Ants

iNaturalist Observations:

81415626 (Observed: 6/2/2021)

Images

Perfoliate Bellwort (Uvularia perfoliata)

Uvularia sessilifolia (Sessileleaf Bellwort)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Name: Sessileleaf Bellwort

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2016-2020; 2022

Dispersed By: Ants

Veratrum viride (Cornhusk Lily)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Liliaceae

Notes

Common Names: Cornhusk Lily; Indian Poke; Green False Hellebore

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

iNaturalist Observations:

42226870 (Observed: 4/14/2020)

77491995 (Observed: 5/5/2021)

Images

Indian Poke (Veratrum viride)
Indian Poke (Veratrum viride)

Epipactis helleborine (Broadleaf Helleborine)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Orchidaceae

Notes

Common Name: Broadleaf Helleborine

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2019; 2021

Dispersed By: Water; Wind

iNaturalist Observations:

13241196 (Observed: 6/8/2018)

Images

Broadleaf Helleborine (Epipactis helleborine)

Galearis spectabilis (Showy Orchis)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Orchidaceae

Notes

Common Name: Showy Orchis

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

86315227 (Observed: 6/24/2021)

77434174 (Observed: 5/4/2021)

45017132 (Observed: 5/5/2020)

Images

Showy Orchid (Galearis spectabilis)
Showy Orchid (Galearis spectabilis)
Showy Orchid (Galearis spectabilis)
Showy Orchid (Galearis spectabilis)
Showy Orchid (Galearis spectabilis)

Platanthera flava var. herbiola (Palegreen Orchid)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Orchidaceae

Notes

Common Name: Palegreen Orchid

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Platanthera lacera (Green Fringed Orchid)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Orchidaceae

Notes

Common Name: Green Fringed Orchid

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2009; 2018

Spiranthes cernua (Nodding Ladys Tresses)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Orchidaceae

Notes

Common Name: Nodding Lady's Tresses

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 1984

Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis (Northern Slender Ladys Tresses)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Orchidaceae

Notes

Common Name: Northern Slender Lady's Tresses

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2004

Tipularia discolor (Crippled Cranefly Orchid)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Orchidaceae

Notes

Common Name: Crippled Cranefly Orchid

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2008; 2013; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Gravity

Notes: Various 'occurrences' of this species have been noted in the Gordon, but the locations weren't recorded. Currently, a single occurrence is known.

iNaturalist Observations:

88868904 (Observed: 7/27/2021)

69810933 (Observed: 8/11/2017)

39887673 (Observed: 3/12/2020)

Images

Crippled Cranefly (Tipularia discolor)
Crippled Cranefly (Tipularia discolor)
Crippled Cranefly (Tipularia discolor)
Crippled Cranefly (Tipularia discolor)
Crippled Cranefly (Tipularia discolor)
Crippled Cranefly (Tipularia discolor)

Agrostis altissima (Tall Bentgrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Tall Bentgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Deer Resistant: Yes

Agrostis gigantea (Redtop)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Redtop

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Water; Wind

Agrostis hyemalis (Winter Bentgrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Winter Bentgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2000

Agrostis perennans (Upland Bentgrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Upland Bentgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Agrostis altissima (Walter) Tuck.

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018

Deer Resistant: Yes

Alopecurus pratensis (Meadow Foxtail)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Meadow Foxtail

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Andropogon gerardii (Big Bluestem)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Big Bluestem

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Deer Resistant: Yes

Andropogon gyrans (Elliotts Bluestem)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Elliott's Bluestem

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Andropogon virginicus (Broomsedge Bluestem)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Broomsedge Bluestem

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Allelopathic: Yes

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Anthoxanthum odoratum (Sweet Vernalgrass)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Sweet Vernalgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2019

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

57573337 (Observed: 5/20/2019)

Images

Sweet Vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum)
Sweet Vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum): close-up of leaf sheath
Sweet Vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum): close-up of ligule
Sweet Vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum): inflorescence
Sweet Vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum): young inflorescence
Sweet Vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum): close-up of inflorescence
Sweet Vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum): close-up of inflorescence

Arthraxon hispidus (Small Carpetgrass)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Small Carpetgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Year Noted: 2022

iNaturalist Observations:

127127656 (Observed: 7/20/2022)

Images

Small Carpetgrass (Arthraxon hispidus)
Small Carpetgrass (Arthraxon hispidus)
Small Carpetgrass (Arthraxon hispidus)
Small Carpetgrass (Arthraxon hispidus)

Brachyelytrum erectum (Bearded Shorthusk)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Bearded Shorthusk

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2016-2018

Allelopathic: Yes

Bromus inermis (Smooth Brome)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Smooth Brome

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Bromus racemosus (Bald Brome)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Bald Brome

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Bromus commutatus Schrad

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); General Zoochory; Water; Wind

Bromus sterilis (Poverty Brome)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Poverty Brome

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water

Bromus tectorum (Cheatgrass)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Cheatgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Year Noted: 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); General Zoochory; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat); Wind

Calamagrostis perplexa (Wood Reedgrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Wood Reedgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2009; 2011

Cinna arundinacea (Sweet Woodreed)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Sweet Woodreed

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2012; 2017-2018

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Cynodon dactylon (Bermudagrass)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Bermudagrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Dactylis glomerata (Orchardgrass)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Orchardgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Danthonia spicata (Poverty Oatgrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Poverty Oatgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Dichanthelium acuminatum (Tapered Rosette Grass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Tapered Rosette Grass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Panicum acuminatum Sw.

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018

Dichanthelium boscii (Boscs Panicgrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Bosc's Panicgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017

Dispersed By: Ants

Images

Bosc's Panicgrass (Dichanthelium boscii)
Bosc's Panicgrass (Dichanthelium boscii)
Bosc's Panicgrass (Dichanthelium boscii)
Bosc's Panicgrass (Dichanthelium boscii)

Dichanthelium clandestinum (Deertongue)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Deertongue

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Panicum clandestinum L.

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018

Dichanthelium dichotomum (Cypress Panicgrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Cypress Panicgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Panicum dichotomum L.

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018

Dichanthelium latifolium (Broadleaf Rosette Grass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Broadleaf Rosette Grass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2022

iNaturalist Observations:

131886796 (Observed: 8/19/2022)

Images

Broadleaf Rosette Grass (Dichanthelium latifolium)
Broadleaf Rosette Grass (Dichanthelium latifolium)
Broadleaf Rosette Grass (Dichanthelium latifolium)
Broadleaf Rosette Grass (Dichanthelium latifolium)
Broadleaf Rosette Grass (Dichanthelium latifolium)
Broadleaf Rosette Grass (Dichanthelium latifolium)

Digitaria ciliaris (Southern Crabgrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Southern Crabgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2018; 2020

Notes: To date: a single occurrence noted. Growing along the PECO right-of-way.

iNaturalist Observations:

57680790 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Images

Southern Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris)
Southern Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris)
Southern Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris): close-up of inflorescence
Southern Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris): close-up of inflorescence
Southern Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris): close-up of inflorescence
Southern Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris): close-up of ligule

Digitaria ischaemum (Smooth Crabgrass)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Smooth Crabgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat)

Digitaria sanguinalis (Hairy Crabgrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Hairy Crabgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat); Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

Echinochloa crus—galli (Barnyardgrass)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Barnyardgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018; 2020-2021; 2023

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

iNaturalist Observations:

179144484 (Observed: 8/18/2023)

95089499 (Observed: 9/16/2021)

55823968 (Observed: 8/8/2020)

Images

Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli): close-up of inflorescence
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli): close-up of inflorescence

Eleusine indica (Indian Goosegrass)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Indian Goosegrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018; 2020

Dispersed By: Animals; Water

Allelopathic: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

57677231 (Observed: 8/26/2020)

Images

Indian Goosegrass (Eleusine indica)
Indian Goosegrass (Eleusine indica)
Indian Goosegrass (Eleusine indica): close-up of inflorescence
Indian Goosegrass (Eleusine indica): close-up of ligule

Elymus glabriflorus (Southeastern Wildrye)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Southeastern Wildrye

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration:

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Elymus repens (Quackgrass)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Quackgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Eragrostis minor (Little Lovegrass)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Little Lovegrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities

Eragrostis pectinacea (Tufted Lovegrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Tufted Lovegrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Dispersed By: Wind

Eragrostis spectabilis (Purple Lovegrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Purple Lovegrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Deer Resistant: Yes

Festuca rubra (Red Fescue)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Red Fescue

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Festuca subverticillata (Nodding Fescue)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Nodding Fescue

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Festuca obtusa Biehler

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018

iNaturalist Observations:

46965011 (Observed: 5/21/2020)

Glyceria striata (Fowl Mannagrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Fowl Mannagrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; Water

Holcus lanatus (Common Velvetgrass)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Common Velvetgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Years Noted: 2007; 2017

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Hordeum jubatum (Squirreltail)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Squirreltail

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2020; 2022

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water

iNaturalist Observations:

53779199 (Observed: 7/20/2020)

Images

Squirreltail (Hordeum jubatum)
Squirreltail (Hordeum jubatum): inflorescence
Squirreltail (Hordeum jubatum): inflorescence
Squirreltail (Hordeum jubatum): close-up of inflorescence

Leersia oryzoides (Rice Cutgrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Rice Cutgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018-2019

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

39927781 (Observed: 9/11/2019)

Images

Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides)
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Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides)
Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides)
Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides)
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Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides)

Leersia virginica (Whitegrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Whitegrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018

Images

Whitegrass (Leersia virginica)
Whitegrass (Leersia virginica)
Whitegrass (Leersia virginica)

Leptochloa fusca (Malabar Sprangletop)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Malabar Sprangletop

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Dispersed By: Wind

Lolium perenne (Perennial Ryegrass)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Perennial Ryegrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial, Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2004

Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind

Microstegium vimineum (Japanese Stiltgrass)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Japanese Stiltgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Years Noted: 1994; 1996; 2000; 2004-2005; 2007; 2009; 2011-2014; 2016-2023

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

183748157 (Observed: 8/31/2023)

50584039 (Observed: 6/22/2020)

58656024 (Observed: 9/4/2020)

Images

Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) dominating an edge habitat in the Gordon
Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum)
Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum)

Miscanthus sinensis (Chinese Silvergrass)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Chinese Silvergrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Years Noted: 2016; 2018-2023

Dispersed By: Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

Notes: An invasive species. A single clump noted in the meadow below the Route 202 ramp at the eastern edge of the GNA.

iNaturalist Observations:

179865041 (Observed: 8/23/2023)

32580277 (Observed: 9/11/2019)

42665114 (Observed: 12/8/2016)

Images

Chinese Silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis)
Chinese Silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis)
Chinese Silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis)
Chinese Silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis)

Muhlenbergia schreberi (Nimblewill)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Nimblewill

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2017-2018

Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Slimflower Muhly)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Slimflower Muhly

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Panicum anceps (Beaked Panicgrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Beaked Panicgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2020

iNaturalist Observations:

55847232 (Observed: 8/8/2020)

Images

Beaked Panicgrass (Panicum anceps): close-up of inflorescence
Beaked Panicgrass (Panicum anceps): close-up of inflorescence
Beaked Panicgrass (Panicum anceps): close-up of inflorescence
Beaked Panicgrass (Panicum anceps)
Beaked Panicgrass (Panicum anceps)
Beaked Panicgrass (Panicum anceps)

Panicum dichotomiflorum (Fall Panicgrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Fall Panicgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007-2008; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Human Activities

Images

Fall Panicgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Fall Panicgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Fall Panicgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Fall Panicgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Fall Panicgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Fall Panicgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Fall Panicgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum)

Panicum gattingeri (Gattingers Panicgrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Gattinger's Panicgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Panicum philadelphicum (Philadelphia Panicgrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Philadelphia Panicgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Panicum virgatum (Switchgrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Switchgrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Deer Resistant: Yes

Paspalum laeve (Field Paspalum)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Field Paspalum

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Paspalum setaceum (Thin Paspalum)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Thin Paspalum

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018

Phalaris arundinacea (Reed Canarygrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Reed Canarygrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2022-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: FACW

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water; Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

120698224 (Observed: 6/7/2022)

Images

Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)
Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)
Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)
Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)
Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)

Phleum pratense (Timothy)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Timothy

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Phragmites australis ssp. australis (European Common Reed)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: European Common Reed

Growth Habit: Graminoid, Shrub, Subshrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."

Year Noted: 2020-2023

Notes: At this time, a single population known for the Gordon: growing in the weedy area between the forest edge and the Grounds Department 'Organic Materials Processing Area.'

iNaturalist Observations:

53102164 (Observed: 7/14/2020)

Images

Common Reed (Phragmites australis)
Common Reed (Phragmites australis): close-up of the sheath
Common Reed (Phragmites australis): close-up of the ligule
Common Reed (Phragmites australis): remains of the prior year's infructescence
Common Reed (Phragmites australis): remains of the prior year's infructescence

Phyllostachys aureosulcata (Yellow Groove Bamboo)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Yellow Groove Bamboo

Growth Habit: Shrub, Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Year Noted: 2022-2023

iNaturalist Observations:

141707659 (Observed: 11/11/2022)

Images

Yellow Grove Bamboo (Phyllostachys aureosulcata): habit
Yellow Grove Bamboo (Phyllostachys aureosulcata): close-up of leaf bases
Yellow Grove Bamboo (Phyllostachys aureosulcata): close-up of node
Yellow Grove Bamboo (Phyllostachys aureosulcata): close-up of yellow 'stripe' on the culm
Yellow Grove Bamboo (Phyllostachys aureosulcata): close-up of yellow 'groove' on the culm

Phyllostachys bambusoides (Japanese Timber Bamboo)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Japanese Timber Bamboo

Growth Habit: Graminoid, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 2008; 2016-2023

Images

Japanese Timber Bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides)
Japanese Timber Bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides)
Japanese Timber Bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides)

Poa alsodes (Grove Bluegrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Grove Bluegrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer

Poa annua (Annual Bluegrass)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Annual Bluegrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007-2008; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Ants; Bats; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind

Poa autumnalis (Autumn Bluegrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Autumn Bluegrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2016; 2018

Poa compressa (Canada Bluegrass)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Canada Bluegrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Poa pratensis (Kentucky Bluegrass)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Kentucky Bluegrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

Poa sylvestris (Woodland Bluegrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Woodland Bluegrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2018

Poa trivialis (Rough Bluegrass)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Rough Bluegrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2017-2018; 2020

Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

iNaturalist Observations:

51618863 (Observed: 7/1/2020)

57581008 (Observed: 5/16/2019)

Images

Rough Bluegrass (Poa trivialis)
Rough Bluegrass (Poa trivialis)
Rough Bluegrass (Poa trivialis)
Rough Bluegrass (Poa trivialis)
Rough Bluegrass (Poa trivialis)
Rough Bluegrass (Poa trivialis)

Puccinellia distans (Weeping Alkaligrass)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Weeping Alkaligrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Undetermined

Year Noted: 2017-2018

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Schedonorus arundinaceus (Tall Fescue)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Tall Fescue

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."

Synonyms: Festuca elatior L. ssp. arundinacea (Schreb.) Hack.

Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018

Allelopathic: Yes

Schedonorus pratensis (Meadow Fescue)

Group: Plants

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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Meadow Fescue

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Festuca elatior L.

Year Noted: 2004

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind

Schizachyrium scoparium (Little Bluestem)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Little Bluestem

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2007

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Setaria faberi (Japanese Bristlegrass)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Japanese Bristlegrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1967-2000; 2004; 2007-2008; 2017-2018

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory

Allelopathic: Yes

Images

Japanese Bristlegrass (Setaria faberi)
Japanese Bristlegrass (Setaria faberi)
Japanese Bristlegrass (Setaria faberi)
Japanese Bristlegrass (Setaria faberi)

Setaria parviflora (Marsh Bristlegrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Marsh Bristlegrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Synonyms: Setaria geniculata (Wild.) P. Beauv

Years Noted: 2004; 2018

Setaria pumila (Yellow Foxtail)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Yellow Foxtail

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2020

Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water

iNaturalist Observations:

57181754 (Observed: 8/20/2020)

Images

Yellow Foxtail (Setaria pumila)
Yellow Foxtail (Setaria pumila): inflorescence
Yellow Foxtail (Setaria pumila): close-up of the inflorescence
Yellow Foxtail (Setaria pumila): inflorescence
Yellow Foxtail (Setaria pumila): close-up of the inflorescence with condensation

Setaria viridis (Green Bristlegrass)

Group: Plants

(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Green Bristlegrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Annual

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Year Noted: 2018

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water

Allelopathic: Yes

Sorghastrum nutans (Indiangrass)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Indiangrass

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2016; 2018-2023

Bee Beneficial: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

137416160 (Observed: 9/29/2022)

32184056 (Observed: 9/5/2019)

62080495 (Observed: 10/8/2020)

Images

Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans)
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans): inflorescence
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans): close-up of leaf sheath
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans): ligule
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans): close-up of underside of leaf
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans): inflorescence
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans): close-up of spikelets
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans)
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans)
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans)

Sphenopholis intermedia (Slender Wedgescale)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Slender Wedgescale

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2007; 2017

Tridens flavus (Purpletop Tridens)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
(Click Icon for More Info)

Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Poaceae

Notes

Common Name: Purpletop Tridens

Growth Habit: Graminoid

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018; 2020

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

61767647 (Observed: 10/1/2020)

Images

Purpletop Tridens (Tridens flavus)
Purpletop Tridens (Tridens flavus)
Purpletop Tridens (Tridens flavus)
Purpletop Tridens (Tridens flavus)
Purpletop Tridens (Tridens flavus)
Purpletop Tridens (Tridens flavus): close-up of leaf sheath
Purpletop Tridens (Tridens flavus): inflorescence
Purpletop Tridens (Tridens flavus): close-up of spikelets

Smilax glauca (Cat Greenbrier)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Smilacaceae

Notes

Common Name: Cat Greenbrier

Growth Habit: Shrub, Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2017-2018; 2020

iNaturalist Observations:

65954281 (Observed: 12/1/2020)

Images

Cat Greenbrier (Smilax glauca)
Cat Greenbrier (Smilax glauca)

Smilax herbacea (Smooth Carrionflower)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Smilacaceae

Notes

Common Name: Smooth Carrionflower

Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2018; 2022

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds

Images

Smooth Carrionflower (Smilax herbacea)
Smooth Carrionflower (Smilax herbacea)

Smilax pulverulenta (Downy Carrionflower)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Smilacaceae

Notes

Common Name: Downy Carrionflower

Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018

Smilax rotundifolia (Roundleaf Greenbrier)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Smilacaceae

Notes

Common Name: Roundleaf Greenbrier

Growth Habit: Vine, Shrub

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1965; 1971; 1984; 2004; 2007-2008; 2016-2018; 2022

iNaturalist Observations:

109240229 (Observed: 3/22/2022)

106571606 (Observed: 2/11/2022)

Images

Roundleaf Greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia)
Roundleaf Greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia)
Roundleaf Greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia)
Roundleaf Greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia)

Typha latifolia (Broadleaf Cattail)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots

Family: Typhaceae

Notes

Common Name: Broadleaf Cattail

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2013; 2017-2023

Northeast Wetland Status: OBL

Dispersed By: Human Activities; Water; Wind

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

58657353 (Observed: 9/4/2020)

Images

Broadleaf Cattail (Typha latifolia)
Broadleaf Cattail (Typha latifolia)
Broadleaf Cattail (Typha latifolia)

Juniperus virginiana (Eastern Redcedar)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Gymnosperms

Family: Cupressaceae

Notes

Common Name: Eastern Redcedar

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2020

Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

Images

Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana)

Pinus strobus (Eastern White Pine)

Group: Plants

  • Native Icon
    Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
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Type: Gymnosperms

Family: Pinaceae

Notes

Common Name: Eastern White Pine

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2013; 2016-2023

Dispersed By: Wind

Allelopathic: Yes

Deer Resistant: Yes

iNaturalist Observations:

85456218 (Observed: 7/2/2021)

46768269 (Observed: 5/21/2020)

Images

Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)

Taxus cuspidata (Japanese Yew)

Group: Plants

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Type: Gymnosperms

Family: Taxaceae

Notes

Common Name: Japanese Yew

Growth Habit: Tree

Duration: Perennial

Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States

Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2018; 2020-2021

Dispersed By: Birds

Allelopathic: Yes

Notes: In the Gordon, only known from seedlings.

iNaturalist Observations:

71481354 (Observed: 3/24/2020)

Images

Japanese Yew (Taxus cuspidata)
Japanese Yew (Taxus cuspidata)
Japanese Yew (Taxus cuspidata)
Japanese Yew (Taxus cuspidata)